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Simulation of the impact response of composite aircraft substructures
Published in Michael S. Found, Experimental Techniques and Design in Composite Materials 4, 2017
Th. Kermanidis, G. Labeas, S. Pantelakis, D. Kohlgrueber, J. Wiggenraad
The PAM-CRASH code enables the modelling of composite layered structures, using four node shell elements with one integration point per layer, combined to a material type, coded ‘Material 130’, which represents the anisotropic behaviour. Elastic fiber-matrix behaviour with damage can be modelled by ‘Material 130’. Different material properties can be defined for each layer, requiring for each of them stiffness, strength, and damage progression data. For each layer the initial undamaged in-plane stiffness properties E11, E22, G12, and v12 should be provided, for the calculation of the initial modulus matrix C0. A damage function d [4], enables the representation of the degradation of the initial modulus matrix C0, when an initial undamaged phase is exceeded. The modulus matrix behaves according to the formulae:
Crash Response of Composite Structures
Published in Norman Jones, Tomasz Wierzbicki, Structural Crashworthiness and Failure, 1993
The methodology outlined here and its successful application to full-scale composite sandwich-wall car crash simulations permit the conclusion to be made that the feasibility level of industrial crashworthiness simulation of composite structures has been reached. The crash simulation code PAM-CRASH, augmented by the options for composite crashworthiness simulation, can therefore be used as a design aid and verification code for the conception of structures made from new composite and sandwich wall materials, at no extra CPU cost than that needed for crash simulations of conventionally built structures.
Crashworthiness analysis and uncertainty optimization of novel multi-wall tube
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2023
Dongming Li, Xu Zhang, Ruixian Qin, Bingzhi Chen
In order to study the energy absorption characteristics of multi-wall structures under axial loading, the finite element models were constructed based on the geometric model of Figure 1 and shown in Figure 2. The length of the multi-wall structure was set to 110 mm. The numerical analysis were carried out using the non-linear explicit analysis software PAM-CRASH. The model was established by using Belytschko-Tsay four-node shell elements with five integration points along with the thickness direction. The impact block and rigid wall were defined as rigid bodies. The translational and rotational degree of freedoms for rigid wall were constrained at direction of X, Y and Z axis. In order to solve the contact problem, the master-slave contact and the self-contact were used to dealing with the contact behavior of impact block to multi-wall structure and self-contact respectively. The friction factor was set to 0.15 for considering the energy dissipation by the sliding surface [30]. The loading velocity is selected as 5 m/s to promote the computational efficiency. The hourglass mode was controlled using stiffness with an hourglass factor of 0.1 [31]. The impact block and rigid wall using MAT1 material model and multi-wall structures were modelled by a MAT105 of elastic-plastic in PAM-CRASH.
Brain tissue analysis of impacts to American football helmets
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
Andrew Post, Marshall Kendall, Janie Cournoyer, Clara Karton, R. Anna Oeur, Lauren Dawson, T. Blaine Hoshizaki
The simulation of each impact was conducted using PAM-CRASH (ESI, Paris, France) and explicit finite element software package. The convergence solution for this model was conducted and it was found that model responses were comparable to the ideal model when the characteristic length of the element was 5 mm or less (Zhang et al. 2004). The model used has an average size of 5 mm which is the same as the size of element used in Zhang et al.’s (2004) research. A 50 ms duration was executed for each simulation at a 50 time step, which was found to produce the same results in MPS as running a full time analysis.
An integrated energy absorbing module for battery protection of electric vehicle under lateral pole impact
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2023
A. Mortazavi Moghaddam, A. Kheradpisheh, M. Asgari
All required new CAD data is prepared by CATIA software and the EV finite element model (FEM) is adapted based on an available ICE sedan FEM and are prepared by ANSA software. PAM CRASH and META software were used for the vehicle pole crash simulations processing and post-processing respectively.