China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Scope and Application of VANET
Published in Sonali P. Botkar, Sachin P. Godse, Parikshit N. Mahalle, Gitanjali R. Shinde, VANET, 2021
Sonali P. Botkar, Sachin P. Godse, Parikshit N. Mahalle, Gitanjali R. Shinde
Vehicle and infrastructure-based applications are provided by SAFESPOT, which are as follows: Road intersection safetyLane change maneuverSafe overtakingHead-on collision warningRear-end collisionSpeed limitation and safety distanceFrontal collision warningRoad condition status—slippery roadCurve warningVulnerable road user detection and accident avoidance.
Intelligent Mobility for Minimizing the Impact of Traffic Incidents on Transportation Networks
Published in Nishu Gupta, Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues, Justin Dauwels, Augmented Intelligence Toward Smart Vehicular Applications, 2020
Based on the geographical location of cities or countries, several types of incidents can be found in the literature. For example, Araghi et al. [7] identified ten types of incidents in the Greater London Area: Broken-down vehicle, broken-down lorry, accident, flood, fuel spillage, gas leak, fire, police incident, collapsed manhole, and traffic light failure. Each of these incident types may have several sub-categories. For example, accidents can be of different kinds: Rear-end collision, side-impact collision, head-on collision, rollover, single-car accident, multiple vehicle pile-up, etc. [4]. The annual number of deaths per 100,000 people due to road accidents in 2017 is shown in Figure 10.1 for different countries all over the world. In general, the types of incidents vary with the traffic conditions (i.e., speed limit, traffic flow), geographical attributes (i.e., the width of the roads, capacity), as well as weather (i.e., rainfall, fog, snow). Moreover, the types of incidents recorded from highways or freeways can be significantly different from the incident types that are recorded from arterial roads. Considering all these variations, we can broadly classify the traffic incidents into six categories: Vehicle breakdown (disabled vehicles), accident (crashes and collisions), obstacle on the road (stationary and abandoned vehicles), roadblock or diversion, car on fire, and miscellaneous (which includes other types of incidents such as fuel spillage, traffic light failure, etc.). These types of incidents are mostly common for all cities, as mentioned in past studies [1][9].
Chemical Kinetics
Published in Achintya Mukhopadhyay, Swarnendu Sen, Fundamentals of Combustion Engineering, 2019
Achintya Mukhopadhyay, Swarnendu Sen
It has been shown from detailed computations that the effective collision energy is the component of relative translation energy along the line of centre instead of the total relative translational energy. Physically this component represents the head-on collision. The other two components normal to the line of centre only affect the dynamics of the centre of the mass and hence cannot affect chemical changes.
Comparing the key contributory factors for driver injury severities in opposite-direction collision accidents
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2023
Yonggang Wang, Delin Li, Fuming Zhang
Besides, as a common type of ODC accidents, head-on collision can readily cause severe casualties. Deng et al. [8] collected data of head-on collision accidents on two-lane highways in Connecticut, USA from 1996 to 2001, and found that wet roads, narrow road widths, high-density junctions, night driving and vehicle braking performance significantly affect the levels of injuries and fatalities involved. Liu and Fan [9] used the 2005-2013 North Carolina highway accident statistics to analyze the factors that affect the casualty extent of head-on collision accidents and found that drunk driving, senior drivers, country roads, curved road sections, ramps, speed limit 50 mph and above improved the probability of such accidents with severe casualties. Smith et al. [10] conducted an in-depth analysis of head-on collision accidents of commercial transport vehicles and found that drug damage and speeding increased the risks of accidents with death/casualty, while setting the road centerline bulge belt and middle cable/concrete guardrail, and the use of seat belts effectively reduced the damage of head-on collision.
Estimate of safety impact of lane keeping assistant system on fatalities and injuries reduction for China: Scenarios through 2030
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2020
Hong Tan, Fuquan Zhao, Han Hao, Zongwei Liu
The proportion of different types of road traffic accidents is a key variable to evaluate the safety benefits of LKA in China. It is generally acknowledged that the benefits of the active safety function of intelligent vehicles vary from country to country. The basic data was used from the “Annual Report on Road Traffic Accidents of China (2016),” published by the Chinese Government. According to the accident data, all collisions are divided into three categories, single vehicle collision, two vehicle collision, and other collision. Among them, the single vehicle collision is divided into collision on the road with pedestrian, collision on the road with obstacles, and collision besides the road with pedestrian or obstacle or other single vehicle. Two vehicle collision is divided into head-on collision, rear-end collision, sideswipe collision, single collision, and other collision with two vehicles. The definition of the head-on collision is that collision between two moving/waiting vehicles traveling in opposite directions. The definition of the rear-end collision is that collision between two moving/waiting vehicles, traveling in the same direction, one in front of the other. The definition of the sideswipe collision is that collision between two moving/waiting vehicles traveling in the same or opposite direction, side-by-side. The definition of the angle collision is that collision between two moving/waiting vehicles traveling in different directions, but not opposite, usually such as collisions at intersections. The proportion and the number of injuries and fatalities of each type was counted, as shown in the Appendix A (see supplementary information).