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International cooperation, joint ventures, teaming, and industrial offsets
Published in Wesley Spreen, The Aerospace Business, 2019
Airbus is equally aggressive in its strategy of industrial cooperation with China. In 2008 it opened a final assembly facility in Tianjin, which is projected to increase production to six aircraft per month by 2020. The Airbus H135 helicopter is assembled in Qingdao, and Airbus is working with the Chinese firm Avicopter to codevelop the H175 medium utility helicopter, which will be assembled at Harbin in northeast China.
Identifying How Nonfunctional Attributes Affect a System’s Lifecycle
Published in Engineering Management Journal, 2021
James R. Enos, John V. Farr, Roshanak R. Nilchiani
This paper examines ten DoD systems, five of which the DoD has extended beyond their initial retirement date: the B-52 bomber, A-10 attack aircraft, M-1 tank, UH-60 helicopter, and E-2 aircraft; and five systems the DoD has retired: F-117 stealth fighter, OH-58D helicopter, F-14 fighter, E/A-6B attack aircraft, and CH-46 helicopter. The B-52B entered service in the U.S. Air Force in 1955 as a strategic bomber whose primary mission during the Cold War was to retaliate to a nuclear attack by the Soviet Union but has since assumed far greater roles (U.S. Air Force, 2015a). The A-10 is the world’s best armor-killing aircraft that the Air Force specifically designed for the close air support role in Germany to defeat the Soviet Union in the 1970 s and like the B-52 the A-10 assumed several roles over its life (Hinds, 1989). The Abrams Tank provides the U.S. Army and Marine Corps with mobile firepower capable of attacking and defeating an armored enemy, conducting wide area surveillance, and is well suited to operations that require shock effect (PEO Ground Combat Systems, 2015). The Army initially fielded the UH-60 in 1979 to fill the role of a medium transport and utility helicopter and since then, the Army and other services have fielded several versions of the UH-60 to fill a variety of roles (U.S. Army, 2016). The Navy fielded the E-2 Hawkeye in 1964 in its role as an all-weather, tactical battle management and early warning aircraft that provide a vital role for the carrier strike group (U.S. Navy, 2018). The F-117 entered service with the U.S. Air Force in 1983 as the world’s first aircraft to use low-observable technology (Air Combat Command, 2005). The OH-58D is a single engine helicopter that served as the Army’s armed reconnaissance aircraft from 1969 until the Army retired the system in 2017 that first saw combat operations during Vietnam (Parsons, 2011). The F-14 Tomcat served the U.S. Navy as an air-superiority aircraft for nearly forty years and when it first flew in 1973, its speed was unmatched, and it provided a significant improvement in naval aviation (Bernstein, 2006). The E/A-6B Prowler served as the Navy and Marine Corps’s primary suppression of enemy air defense and electronic attack aircraft from 1971 until its retirement in 2015 (NAVAIR, 2017). The CH-46 served the U.S. Marine Corps as a resupply, troop transport, and medical evacuation helicopter from 1964 until its retirement in 2015 and first saw combat operations in Vietnam where it flew over 180,000 missions and logged 75,000 hours between 1964 and 1968 (Boeing, 2017a). The literature on these systems provides the necessary data to understand what attributes are important to influencing the decision to retire or extend the life of a system.