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Exhaust System
Published in Ahmed F. El-Sayed, Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines, 2017
On turbojet engines, low bypass turbofan engines—whether fitted with afterburner or not—and mixed turbofan engines, the thrust reverser is achieved by reversing the exhaust gas flow (hot stream). On high BPR turbofan engines, reverse thrust is achieved by reversing the fan (cold stream) airflow. Mostly, in this case it is not necessary to reverse the hot stream as the majority of the engine thrust is derived from the fan, though some engines use both systems.
Numerical analysis of hydroplaning behaviour by using a tire–water-film–runway model
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2022
Xingyi Zhu, Yafeng Pang, Jian Yang, Hongduo Zhao
In the aircraft landing stage, the braking force is derived from the braking resistance, rolling resistance, and thrust reverser (Joshi et al.2015). The braking and rolling resistances are the primary factors affecting aircraft braking. Because partial simulation of the aircraft wheel was conducted in this study, the braking and rolling resistances were calculated to ensure safety in this study.
An exploratory study on the effects of human, technical and operating factors on aviation safety
Published in Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 2019
Joyce M. W. Low, Kum Khiong Yang
Notwithstanding a major cause, there are often multiple minor but contributing causes for a crash. Among the 45 aviation accidents that had occurred during period between 2004 and 2015, nine cases are associated with poor weather condition. TAM Airlines Flight 3054, EgyptAir Flight 843, and AirAsia Flight 8501 which occurred in 2007, 2010, and 2014, respectively, are examples of serious accidents listed in Table 5 that were due to adverse weather conditions beyond human control and intervention. In other instances, weather condition was a partial contributory factor. A MASWINGS DHC-6-310 aircraft with registration 9M-MDM performing flight MH-3002 crashed when the Malaysia Airlines flight crew lost their full control over the aircraft DHC-6 under the strong gusting tail wind on 13 October 2013. Bad weather conditions can also affect visibility and the landing safety at the runway. An Airbus A310-324 passenger plane, registered ST-ATN and operated by Sudan Airways, crashed along the wet runway on 10 June 2008 when the aircraft attempted a long flare landing with a deactivation of one engine thrust reverser and autobrake. Henan Airlines Flight 8387 crashed the ERJ-190 aircraft on 24 August 2010 when the autopilot is shut off, approaching the runway covered by radiation fog. Meanwhile, adverse weather conditions place greater demands on the pilot's judgments and skills. On 25 September 2011, a Beechcraft 1900D aircraft flown by Buddha Air Flight 103 crashed as a result of pilot error as the pilot attempted to land in bad weather. A DHC-6 aircraft flown by Nepal Airlines Flight 183 crashed in poor weather conditions due to a lack of crew coordination and situational awareness on 16 February 2014. In the same year on 13 April, a Boeing 737 plane flown by Lion Air crashed due to insufficient crew action given the rapid changing weather information. Table 5 maps some of major crashes to the factors examined in the study. These crashes can be avoided if airlines strengthen their performance in the significant factors identified.