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Military optoelectronics
Published in P. Dakin John, G. W. Brown Robert, Handbook of Optoelectronics, 2017
The US and Soviet sea-launched ballistic missile programs in the 1950s and 1960s wrestled with the problem of hitting a fixed point on earth several thousand miles away from a moving submarine. Part of the solution was an incredibly accurate gyro system on the submarine itself. Another part was the use of star trackers in the ballistic missiles. Star trackers are commonly used in satellites to provide an error signal to the satellite’s attitude control and navigation system to help maintain a precise attitude and position estimate. In the ballistic missile application, the star tracker takes a fix on one or more stars, allowing errors in the launch position estimate to be determined and compensated for. The American Trident system and the Soviet SS-N-8 and SS-N-18 all used different “stellar-inertial guidance” methods. The Soviets deployed this technology before the Americans [4].
Radial-Basis-Function Networks
Published in Bogdan M. Wilamowski, J. David Irwin, Intelligent Systems, 2018
Åge J. Eide, Thomas Lindblad, Guy Paillet
A star tracker is an optical device measuring the direction to one or more stars, using a photocell or solid-state camera to observe the star. One may use a single star, and of the most used are Sirius (the brightest) and Canoponus. However, for more complex missions, entire star field databases are used to identify orientation.
Preparation of Ni–P alloys super-black materials applied to baffle surface
Published in Surface Engineering, 2018
Fengdeng Liu(刘丰登), Fei Xing(邢飞), Zheng You(尤政)
Satellites usually rely on star trackers to maintain proper working attitude and choose right orbits when working in the space. With stars as the reference and the sky as the work object, star trackers can achieve high accuracy of the space attitude measurement [1]. However, star trackers are usually interfered by many kinds of stray lights out of the FOV. To ensure star trackers to achieve high-accuracy position measurement, we usually install baffles in front of their detectors to decrease the intensity of stray lights effectively. The miniaturisation of the baffle is imperative and necessary to the development of micro-satellites. Super-black materials, whose reflectivity is less than 0.5%, can effectively help baffle to decrease the intensity of stray lights after several reflections.