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Innovation and tradition in human spaceflight architecture
Published in Mário S. Ming Kong, Maria do Rosário Monteiro, Maria João Pereira Neto, Creating Through Mind and Emotions, 2022
Andrea Palladio was possibly the most influential architect ever in the Western world. Architects have copied his style and borrowed his elements all over Europe, North and South America. In The Four Books on Architecture (1570, p. 28). Palladio offers three formulae to calculate the proper ceiling height of a room based upon its proportions and size. When I was designing the space habitat module for the Space Station Proximity Operations Simulator, it was necessary to determine this ceiling height for a module “room” with a longitudinal vaulted ceiling.
Why Human Enhancement is Necessary for Successful Human Deep-space Missions
Published in The New Bioethics, 2019
Konrad Szocik, Martin Braddock
The health hazards of living and working in space have been documented by many (eg Braddock 2017a, 2018a, Vico and Hargens 2018), and no place on Earth can fully replicate an equivalent environment in space. Hazards include: effects of altered gravity such as ‘lack of gravitational loading and hydrostatic pressure, lack of convection, buoyancy and sedimentation;' in-flight and long-term impact of radiation; specific space habitat including ‘distance from Earth, 90 min day and night cycles, acoustic noise (60 dBA), reduced and closed space, isolation, lack of natural light and surroundings, modest increased ambient CO2;' conditions of life in space like ‘limited privacy, floating, disturbances in sleep, hygiene, performance pressures;' possible effects caused by EVA like ‘high vacuum, extremes of temperature, meteoroids, space debris, ionospheric plasma, hand and shoulder injuries' (Vico and Hargens 2018). The most dangerous occupations on Earth do not include the risk of being killed by a meteorite or space debris. Military pilots, for instance, are exposed to transient high g forces and other extreme physical parameters, which are not comparable with the launch of a space rocket or managing permanent microgravity in space.