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Commercial Space Technologies
Published in Mohammad Razani, Commercial Space Technologies and Applications, 2018
Shenzhou 1, an unmanned development test, was launched in November 1999 by a CZ-2F Long March rocket. It orbited Earth 14 times, and its central module landed safety in Inner Mongolia. On October 15, 2003, Shenzhou 5 was launched with a Chinese spacefarer (or taikonaut) on board. It orbited Earth 14 times before landing in Inner Mongolia as did the Shenzhou 1 Mission. The taikonaut remained in the reentry module throughout the flight, but the experiments on board the orbital module continued to function for 5 months after the craft had been abandoned in space. Shenzhou 6 was launched in 2005, and this time two taikonauts remained in orbit for almost 5 days. China’s plans for the future are as follows: Early 2010s—Space station2024—Manned lunar landingAfter 2040—Missions to Mars
The main country players
Published in Louis Brennan, Loizos Heracleous, Alessandra Vecchi, Above and Beyond, 2018
Louis Brennan, Loizos Heracleous, Alessandra Vecchi
It is clear that a great deal of the technology now being applied to commercial space systems can be carried over to military systems. In this regard, the USA is concerned that China will employ dual-use and pirated or transformed technologies in both commercial and military space programmes. As a result the US does not engage in any collaboration with China on space. This period culminated in the historic Shenzou-4 launch. The first Chinese manned space flight program took place with Yang Liwei’s successful 2003 flight aboard Shenzhou 5. This success made China the third country to independently send humans into space. But what is the next space development for China after manned space flight? The first feasibility study for lunar exploration was completed in 1995, and the development of lunar exploration technology was spelled out in China’s first White Paper on space. The China State Council ruling cabinet leadership approved the eleventh Five Year plan 2006–2010 for space on 10 May 2007 (Vick, 2009).
Space Technology
Published in Mohammad Razani, Information, Communication, and Space Technology, 2017
China was one of the first in this category. China embarked on an ambitious project to equal the achievements of the 20th century superpowers, sending men into orbit and perhaps beyond. Although China planned a manned spaceflight program as early as the 1960, the Chinese government approved a new manned space program, initially known as Project 92, in 1992. The newly formed China National Space Administration (CNSA) benefited from an agreement signed with Russia in 1994, which gave them access to Soyuz Capsules, blueprints, and Russian expertise. A new Chinese vehicle called Shenzhou (meaning “divine vessel”) is completely Chinese in design and manufacture, despite Russian assistance. Shenzhou has three separate elements: an orbital module, a reentry module, and a service module. It is significantly larger than Russian’s Soyuz and is fitted with two sets for solar arrays–one pair on the service module, the other on the orbital module. Shenzhou 1, an unmanned development test, was launched in November 1999 by a CZ-2F Long March rocket. It orbited Earth 14 times, and its central module landed safety in Inner Mongolia. On October 15, 2003, Shenzhou 5 was launched with a Chinese spacefarer (or taikonaut) on board. It orbited Earth 14 times before landing in Inner Mongolia as did the Shenzhou 1 Mission. The taikonaut remained in the reentry module throughout the flight, but the experiments on board the orbital module continued to function for 5 months after the craft had been abandoned in space. Shenzhou 6 was launched in 2005, and this time two taikonauts remained in orbit for almost 5 days. China’s plans for the future are as follows: Early 2010s—Space station2024—Manned lunar landingAfter 2040—Missions to Mars
Recursive least-squares algorithm for a characteristic model with coloured noise by means of the data filtering technique
Published in International Journal of Systems Science, 2021
Recently, Sun et al. (2018) discussed the recursive regularisation parameter selection for sparse RLS algorithm, Lu et al. (2019) presented a recursive Geman–McClure estimator for implementing second-order Volterra filter and Sadigh et al. (2020) analysed the convergence and tracking of the robust recursive least squares. The idea of characteristic modelling is extracted from practical problems of aerospace control and a large number of industrial processes. Now the characteristic modelling has been successfully applied to the control of an aluminum electrolysis process, the automatic rendezvous and docking of the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft, Shenzhou-9 spacecraft and the Tiangong-1 orbiter spacecraft (Hu et al., 2011; Wu et al., 2009; Xie et al., 2013). The adaptive control method based on the above characteristic model is known as the all-coefficient adaptive control, it is first proposed by Wu et al. (2007; 1985) and had been shown to have a strong adaptive ability. This paper discusses the problem of parameter identification when the above system is interfered by coloured noise.