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Remote Sensing in Drought Quantification and Assessment
Published in Saeid Eslamian, Faezeh Eslamian, Handbook of Drought and Water Scarcity, 2017
Nicolas R. Dalezios, Nicos V. Spyropoulos, Saeid Eslamian
Since this chapter focuses on remote sensing applications in drought analysis, special reference should be addressed to Sentinel-2. The Sentinel-2 mission is a land monitoring constellation of two satellites that are expected to provide high-resolution optical imagery and provide the continuity of existing systems, such as SPOT and Landsat. The mission is designed to provide a global coverage of the earth’s land surface every 10 days with one satellite and 5 days with two satellites, making the data of great use for monitoring and operational applications. The satellites are expected to be equipped with the state-of-the-art MSI (Multispectral Imagery) instrument that offers high-resolution optical imagery [9]. The first of the two satellites (Sentinel-2A) has been launched in April 2015, and the second one (Sentinel-2B) is scheduled to be launched after 2 years. These satellites are both planned to be operational for at least 7.25 years and have an initial weight of 1100 kg. These satellites also have a sun-synchronous orbit at 786 km of altitude, with 98.5° of inclination. They have a spatial resolution ranging from 10 to 60 m [9]. These satellites are designed to provide land observation data, including vegetation, soil and water cover, inland waterways, and coastal areas; land use and change detection maps; support in generating land cover; disaster relief support; and climate change monitoring.
Overview of earth observation from satellites
Published in P. Dakin John, G. W. Brown Robert, Handbook of Optoelectronics, 2017
Greg Blackman, Jessica Rowbury
Sentinel-1A, launched in April 2014, is the first in a fleet of Sentinel satellites as part of the Copernicus programme. Sentinel-1 is a constellation of two satellites carrying radar imaging equipment. Sentinel-2 [13], launched in two parts in 2015 and 2017, carries an optical payload, imaging in the visible, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared regions in 13 spectral bands. It will have a swath width of 290 km and a revisit time of 2–3 days at mid-latitudes. Imagery from Sentinel-2 will provide similar information to the Landsat satellites and be used for areas such as land management, monitoring agriculture and forestry, and for disaster control and humanitarian relief operations.
Environmental Application of Medium to High Resolution Remotely Sensed Data
Published in Alexandra Gemitzi, Nikolaos Koutsias, Venkat Lakshmi, Advanced Environmental Monitoring with Remote Sensing Time Series Data and R, 2019
Sentinel-2 carries an optical instrument payload that samples 13 spectral bands at 10 m (four bands), at 20 m (six bands), and at 60 m (three bands) spatial resolution with an orbital swath width of 290 km. The twin satellites of Sentinel-2 continue data collection of SPOT (Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre) and LANDSAT-type image data, contributing thus to ongoing multi-spectral observations and used for various applications including among others land management, agriculture and forestry, disaster control, humanitarian relief operations, risk mapping, and security concerns.
Uni-temporal Sentinel-2 imagery for wildfire detection using deep learning semantic segmentation models
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2023
Ali Mahdi Al-Dabbagh, Muhammad Ilyas
Sentinel-2 is a wide-swath, high-resolution, multispectral imaging mission supporting land monitoring studies. Sentinel-2 is based on two identical satellites (Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B) that move in a sun-synchronous orbit with an average altitude of 786 km. Sentinel-2A was launched in 2015 with the MSI sensor. Sentinel-2A has two levels of processing (level-1C and level-2A). The top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectance measurements and the parameters for converting them into radiances are included in the level-1C product and multispectral registration at the sub-pixel level. A subpixel multispectral registration is provided by level-2A, which provides orthorectified bottom-of-atmosphere reflectance (Gascon et al. 2017).
Paddy rice mapping in Red River Delta, Vietnam, using Sentinel 1/2 data and machine learning algorithms
Published in Journal of Spatial Science, 2023
Truong Xuan Ngo, Nam Ba Bui, Hieu Dang Trung Phan, Hoang Minh Ha, Thanh Thi Nhat Nguyen
Sentinel-2 is another programme by the ESA that is aimed to support the land monitoring studies of Copernicus, including monitoring of vegetation, land cover and water (Sentinel 2 2022). The Sentinel 2 constellation also consists of two satellites, Sentinel 2 A/B, both with a revisit period of 6 days in the RRD. The Sentinel 2 product is provided freely by GEE with a resolution of 10 × 10 m (GEE Sentinel 2 2022). The surface reflectance images of the Sentinel 2 constellation were collected from February to the end of June 2019. The data included an image covering the entire RRD, with 13 spectral channels from 443.9 to 2185.7 nm.