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Optimum design of a small wind turbine
Published in Wojciech Pietraszkiewicz, Wojciech Witkowski, Shell Structures: Theory and Applications Volume 4, 2017
T. Szafrański, J. Malachowski, K. Damaziak, J. Bukała
The model is generated in MSC Patran software using scripts written by the authors (so called “session files” which contain structure development. The diffuser sheeting and plates are modelled with shell elements. The diffuser frame, supporting pipes and the pole pipe are modelled with beam elements. Guy wires are modelled with rod elements. The FE model is presented in Figure 1. Several kinematic constraints (called RBE2) are implemented to avoid nonphysical stress concentration in beam elements and shell element nodes. The linear elastic constitutive law is adopted for all parts of the model.
Contribution analysis of the cab-in-white for lightweight optimization employing a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method under static and dynamic performance
Published in Engineering Optimization, 2020
Finally, an implicit parametric model of the CIW is built using SFE CONCEPT, as shown in Figure 4. First, the cab is divided into five parts: roof, floor, front, side and rear. The parametric models of each part are established; then, the parts are assembled through mapping technology, which is automatically parameterized. At the same time, parametric modelling focuses on the conceptual design stage of the CIW. Therefore, some of the smaller holes, chamfers, stiffeners and other small features are ignored, which not only improves the speed of the building models but also improves the flexibility of the parametric model. The solder joints are simulated by an area contact method spot-weld element (Bai, Li, and Zuo 2017) and the weld is defined using a solid (hexa) element, with a cross-sectional area equivalent to the area of the weld nugget. The solid element is created at the exact weld location independently of the shell elements that represent the sheet metal parts. These solid elements are connected to the corresponding components using RBE3 elements. The material properties of solid elements are Young's modulus E = 210,000 MPa, density ρ = 7852 kg/m2 and Poisson's ratio µ = 0.3. The connections between boltholes are simulated by an RBE2 element.