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Human-robot interaction and robots for human society
Published in Arkapravo Bhaumik, From AI to Robotics, 2018
Explorer robots have been in use since the mid-1970s for space explorations. The success of the Lunokhod programme marked the beginning for unmanned rovers: Lunokhod 1 (1971) scouted about 4 km and Lunokhod 2 (1973) marched on for about 40 km. The NASA Mars rovers were targeted to detect water on the Red Planet, Spirit (2004) and Opportunity (2004) of Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission were designed for surveying as shown in Figure 7.21, and Curiosity (2012) of Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission could undertake more sophisticated experiments to conduct surface sampling and geological studies. While all three have attained iconic status, very little of 144.8 million sq. km has been mapped, and not a great deal is yet known about the Red Planet. More recently, Rosetta mission’s Philae landed at Comet 67P. It was designed for minimal locomotion primarily by jumping and not meant for long-term surveying etc. The MER rovers are state-of-the-art engineering and communication is over data streams spread across million of kilometers and are built to endure difficult terrain over long periods of time. Spirit and Opportunity were designed to harness solar energy, while Curiosity was fueled by nuclear power. It is worth noting that none of the MER or MSL explorers were truly autonomous and the were teleoperated by the earth based NASA scientists.
Emerging Mirror Technologies
Published in Paul Yoder, Daniel Vukobratovich, Opto-Mechanical Systems Design, 2017
William A. Goodman, Paul R. Yoder
Both Boostec and CoorsTek have successfully employed pre- and post-machining joining of green bodies to produce more complex parts such as closed-back mirrors (Figure 8.19). Examples of SiC telescopes that have flown in space are shown in Figures 8.20 and Figures 8.21. The first of these (Figure 8.20) is a three-mirror anastigmatic telescope with sintered SiC optics. According to Gugliotta (2014), this telescope, named Rosetta (Figure 8.21), was launched in March 2004 by the European Space Agency (ESA) on a mission to rendezvous with a comet. It has since made several orbits of the sun, spent almost three years in hibernation near Jupiter. In 2014, it was awakened and maneuvered to orbit the chosen comet, Churyumov-Gerasimenko. On November 11, 2014, it delivered the first man-made probe, called Philae, to touch a comet. This probe sent scientific signals back to Rosetta and, thence, to ESA, until its batteries become discharged. It is hoped that sunlight will recharge those batteries sufficiently to resume data transmission as the comet continues to move toward the Sun.
Extraterrestrial Drilling and Excavation
Published in Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Kris Zacny, Advances in Extraterrestrial Drilling, 2020
Kris Zacny, Gale Paulsen, Phil Chu, Boleslaw Mellerowicz, Stephen Indyk, Justin Spring, Alex Wang, Grayson Adams, Leslie Alarid, Colin Andrew, Jameil Bailey, Ron Bergman, Dean Bergman, Jocelyn Bergman, Phil Beard, Andrew Bocklund, Natasha Bouey, Ben Bradley, Michael Buchbinder, Kathryn Bywaters, Lee Carlson, Conner Castle, Mark Chapman, Colin Chen, Paul Chow, Evan Cloninger, Patrick Corrigan, Tighe Costa, Paul Creekmore, Kiel Davis, Stella Dearing, Jack Emery, Zak Fitzgerald, Steve Ford, Sam Goldman, Barry Goldstein, Stephen Gorevan, Amelia Grossman, Ashley Hames, Nathan Heidt, Ron Hayes, Matt Heltsley, Jason Herman, Joe Hernandez, Greg Hix, Will Hovik, Robert Huddleston, Kevin Humphrey, Anchal Jain, Nathan Jensen, Marnie Johnson, Helen Jung, Robert Kancans, Cecily Keim, Sarineh Keshish, Michael Killian, Caitlin King, Isabel King, Daniel Kim, Emily Kolenbrander, Sherman Lam, Andrea Lamore, Caleb Lang, Joseph Lee, Carolyn Lee, John Lorbiecki, Kathryn Luczek, Jacob Madden, Jessica Maddin, Tibor Makai, Mike Maksymuk, Zach Mank, Richard Margulieux, Sara Martinez, Yuka Matsuyama, Andrew Maurer, Molly McCormick, Jerry Moreland, Phil Morrison, Erik Mumm, Adoni Netter, Jeff Neumeister, Tim Newbold, Joey Niehay, Phil Ng, Peter Ngo, Huey Nguyen, Tom O’Bannon, Sean O’Brien, Joey Palmowski, Aayush Parekh, Andrew Peekema, Fredrik Rehnmark, Hunter Rideout, Albert Ridilla, Alexandra Rzepiejewska, Dara Sabahi, Yoni Saltzman, Luke Sanasarian, Vishnu Sanigepalli, Emily Seto, Jeff Shasho, Sase Singh, David Smyth, Nancy Sohm, Jesus Sosa, Joey Sparta, Leo Stolov, Marta Stone, Andrew Tallaksen, Miranda Tanouye, Lisa Thomas, Thomas Thomas, Luke Thompson, Mary Tirrell, Nick Traeden, Ethan Tram, Sarah Tye, Crystal Ulloa, Dylan Van-Dyne, Robert Van Ness, Vincent Vendiola, Brian Vogel, Lillian Ware, Bobby Wei, Hunter Williams, Jack Wilson, Brian Yaggi, Bernice Yen, Sean Yoon, Ben Younes, David Yu, Michael Yu, Mike Zasadzien, Raymond Zheng, Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Mircea Badescu, Xiaoqi Bao, Tom Cwik, Jean-Pierre Fleurial, Jeffery Hall, Kevin Hand, Ben Hockman, Samuel M. Howell, Troy Lee Hudson, Shannon Jackson, Hyeong Jae Lee, Michael Malaska, Brandon Metz, Scott Moreland, Avi Okon, Tyler Okamoto, Dario Riccobono, Kris Sherrill, Stewart Sherrit, Miles Smith, Jurgen Mueller, Wayne Zimmerman, Michael Amato, Melissa Trainer, Don Wegel, Andrej Grubisic, Walter F. Smith, Ralph Lorenz, Elizabeth Turtle, Hirotaka Sawada, Hiroki Kato, Yasutaka Satou, Takashi Kubota, Masaki Fujimoto, Pietro Baglioni, Stephen Durrant, Richard Fisackerly, Roland Trautner, Marek Banaszkiewicz, Karol Seweryn, Akihiro Fujiwara, Taro Nakamura, Matthias Grott, Jerzy Grygorczuk, Bartosz Kędziora, Łukasz Wiśniewski, Tomasz Kuciński, Gordon Wasilewski, Seiichi Nagihara, Rohit Bhartia, Hiroyuki Kawamoto, Julius Rix, Robert Mulvaney, Andrea Rusconi, Christian Panza, Marco Peruzzotti, Pablo Sobron, Ryan Timoney, Kevin Worrall, Patrick Harkness, Naohiro Uyama, Hiroshi Kanamori, Shigeru Aoki, Dale Winebrenner, Yasuyuki Yamada, Tilman Spohn, Christian Krause, Torben Wippermann, Roy Lichtenheldt
The goal of the European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission was to study comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. The Rosetta mission consisted of two spacecrafts: the Rosetta orbiter and the Philae lander. In November of 2014, the Philae landed on the comet and performed several science investigations of its surface.
Plasma Waves Around Comets
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2022
Rosetta mission was launched on 2 March 2004 to study the comet C–G having two elements – an orbiter Rosetta and a lander Philae. Rosetta has 12 instrument suites to study various properties of the comet such as the nucleus, the physiochemical evolution of cometary coma, the plasma environment around C–G at the solar distances between 1.2 and 3 AU and 10 instrument suites onboard the lander [49].