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Introduction to Rocketry
Published in Ahmed F. El-Sayed, Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines, 2017
A multistage rocket is a rocket that uses two or more stages, each of which contains its own engines and propellant [11]. Thus, we have two or more rockets stacked on top of or attached next to each other. Multistaging is used in space launch vehicles and long-range ballistic missiles. Two-stage rockets are quite common. However, rockets with as many as five separate stages have been successfully launched. An example is the Saturn V rocket, which used three distinct stages in order to send its payload of astronauts and equipment toward the Moon.
Defense Information, Communication, and Space Technology
Published in Anna M. Doro-on, Handbook of Systems Engineering and Risk Management in Control Systems, Communication, Space Technology, Missile, Security and Defense Operations, 2023
For many important missions with chemical rockets, the propellant mass is much larger than the payload. The mass of the propellant tanks and support structure may, in itself, be larger than the payload. Unless portions of this structure and tankage are discarded as they become empty, much energy is consumed in their acceleration, and therefore less is available for acceleration of the payload. This is one of the reasons for designing rocket vehicles that can discard tank sections as they become empty. In addition, an engine large enough to accelerate the initial mass of the vehicle may produce excessive acceleration stresses when the propellant is nearly consumed. Since it is difficult to operate a given engine at reduced thrust, multistage rocket vehicles are often employed. A multistage rocket is a series of individual vehicles or stages each with its own structure, tanks, and engines. The stages are so connected that each operates in turn, accelerating the remaining stages and the payload before being detached from them. In this way excess structure and tankage are discarded, and the engines of each stage can be properly matched to the remaining vehicle mass. Stages are numbered in the order of firing, as illustrated in Figure 5.1 for a three-stage chemical rocket carrying payload ML. The analysis of multistage rockets is similar to that for single-stage rockets, since the payload for any particular stage is simply the mass of all subsequent stages. The payload for the first stage of Figure 10.7 is simply the sum of the masses of stages 2 and 3 (including ML). The definitions given previously may be extended to apply to the generalized ith stage of a rocket consisting of a total of n stages. The nomenclature used is as follows:
Numerical estimations in a power-law fluid flow with thermal radiation: a complete case study
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2023
Abhinava Srivastav, Ch. RamReddy
There are many research articles that are related to effect of thermal radiation but a combined study of linear, quadratic and nonlinear cases for with truncated cone is not explored yet. A combination of all these cases is analysed here to have a complete study for this kind of flow problems. The geometry truncated cone plays vital role in pharmaceutics and mechanical fields e.g. deliquesced plastic processing in industries, preparation of consumable goods, etc. Also, these types of model are involved at an extensive level in fuel retrieval technologies. In aerospace industry, a frustum is the fairing between two stages of a multistage rocket, which is shaped like a truncated cone. In all these engineering areas, there is the importance of truncated cone. Since this flow is non-similar in nature, this type of analysis can be used to explore fundamentals in flow over vertical plate and full cone.
The Manhattan Project Nuclear Science and Technology Developments at Los Alamos: A Special Issue of Nuclear Technology
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2021
The implosion design of the Fat Man atomic bomb relied on precision-engineered high explosives (HE) to symmetrically compress a solid ball of plutonium. Brown and Borovina13 describe this HE work; its subsequent impact on broader shaped-charge technology; and its use in mining, oil recovery, and even SpaceX multistage rocket separation. With Brown, AWE’s Moore14 describes pioneering British work on explosive shaped charges that influenced von Neumann, Neddermeyer, and Tuck’s HE lens design. Indeed, it was new to me that both types of explosives used in the Trinity explosive lens system––“Comp B” (a mixture of RDX and TNT) and Baratol––had their origins in earlier British defense research on HE formulation. Morgan’s paper15 describes the Jumbo steel vessel designed, if the Trinity test should have failed, to contain the Trinity gadget and conventional explosion and allow recovery of the precious plutonium. In the end, Jumbo was not used for Trinity, but the experience gained was valuable for later containment vessel work and reactor engineering.