China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Advanced Sensing and Communication in Biological World
Published in Krzysztof Iniewski, Biological and Medical Sensor Technologies, 2017
Bats are the only mammal that can fly and has bidirectional arteries [1]. The forelimbs of all bats are developed as wings; that is why bats have scientific classification order as “Chiroptera” “cheir” (hand), and “pteron” (wing). There are about 1100 species of bats worldwide. About 70% of bats are insectivorous; most of the rest are frugivorous, with a few species being carnivorous [2]. Bats range in size from Kitti’s hog-nosed bat measuring 29–33 mm (1.14–1.30 in.) in length and 2 g (0.07 oz) in mass [4] to the giant golden-crowned flying-fox, which has a wing span of 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in.) and weighs approximately 1.2 kg (3 lb). Bats are classified in many different ways; most prominently they are classified as “megabats” and “microbats” [3]. Main characteristics of these two classes are mentioned as follows:
Interpretive station
Published in James Barilla, Naturebot, 2021
In reality, of course, there isn’t just one generic bat species flying around—there are multitudes. There are Old World and New World bats, “megabats” with three-foot wingspans and “microbats” the size of an unshelled peanut. Twenty percent of the mammal species on the planet are bats, and they can be found just about everywhere but the poles. Thirteen hundred chiropteran species isn’t so impressive, perhaps, when compared to the 2,000 species scurrying around in the order Rodentia, or the 6,000 species of passerine birds, or the 360,000 known species of beetle, but I’d argue that by and large the physical diversity among bats is as perceptible to us any cardinal or warbler, if we actually get the chance to look closely, face-to-face.
A new penalty-based wrapper fitness function for feature subset selection with evolutionary algorithms
Published in Journal of Information and Telecommunication, 2018
Basabi Chakraborty, Atsushi Kawamura
Bat algorithm (BA) is a newly proposed swarm intelligence-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm based on echolocation behaviour of bats. Microbats, small bats, use extensive echolocation. They use a type of sonar, to detect prey and to avoid obstacles and locate their resting crevices in the dark. These bats emit a very loud sound pulse and listen for the echo that bounces back from the surrounding objects. Bat algorithm is a modification of PSO in which the position and the velocity of virtual microbats are updated based on frequency of their emitted pulses and loudness. The pseudocode of the algorithm and the details can be found in Yang (2010). A binary version of bat algorithm BBA is proposed in Nakamura et al. (2014). Recent applications of BA in feature subset selection are found in Yang et al. (2017) and Rani & Rajalaxmi (2015).
Multiobjective Design Optimization of Stator for Synchronous Generator Using Bat Algorithm and Analysis of Magnetic Flux Density Distribution
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2021
Aslan Deniz Karaoglan, Deniz Perin, Kemal Yilmaz
Microbats use a type of sonar which is called as echolocation. By using echolocation they detect their prey and also they avoid obstacles in the dark. They emit a very loud sound pulse and listen to the echo returned from the surrounding objects. To build up 3D scenario of the surrounding, microbats use the time delay from the emission of the loud and detection of the echo. Also they use the difference of time (between their two ears), and the loudness variations of the echoes. By this way they can determine the distance of the target and its orientation. This echolocation behavior of microbats is mathematically formulated by BA and can be used for optimization. The following idealized rules are used in BA in the mathematical modeling phase [18–21]:Bats fly randomly with velocity at position with a fixed frequency varying wavelength and loudness to search for prey.Bats can adjust the λ (or f). Also they can automatically adjust the rate of pulse emission r ∈ [0,1], depending on the proximity of their target.Loudness varies from A0 (which is a large positive number) to a minimum constant Amin.f is in a range corresponds to a range of wavelengths and each bat is randomly assigned a frequency.