Load factor

Load factor

Turn performance and flight maneuvers

Published in Mohammad H. Sadraey, Aircraft Performance, 2017

In principle, there are four types of load factors: (1) maximum producible load factor by the lift using the maximum engine thrust/power in a level turn, (2) maximum producible load factor by the centrifugal force in the extreme case of the pull-out of a dive, (3) maximum producible load factor in an undesired motion produced by the lift/inertial force due to a gust/turbulence, and (4) maximum allowable load factor (tolerable by the aircraft structure and the human onboard). As the load factor increases, the load on the aircraft structure (e.g., wing and tail) will be increased; thus, the structure gets heavier. In the aircraft structural design, the highest allowable load factor is considered. Furthermore, a pilot is not allowed to create a load factor, which is not safe for structure or is beyond his/her body physical strength.

Application of the Corresponding Force Matrix in Analysis and Reinforcement Design of Concrete Box Bridges

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Journal Information

Published in Structural Engineering International, 2022

Yu Zhang, Dong Xu

Reinforcement should be designed according to the total factored load effects taking into account all load conditions listed above. The principle of the corresponding force matrix still applies. During loads combination, each load shall be multiplied by a specified load factor according to design codes first and then added together to obtain the total factored load effects. The process of loads combination sees Fig. 5.

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Turn performance and flight maneuvers

Application of the Corresponding Force Matrix in Analysis and Reinforcement Design of Concrete Box Bridges