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General introduction
Published in Adedeji B. Badiru, Handbook of Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2013
One of the best methods to understand how a human mental model is integrated into a system is through the development of a system block diagram. A human mental model is a human cognitive view (perception and understanding) of volitional processes based on the relationship between software, hardware, and the environment. These models are intrinsically representative of human perception and logical theories regarding situations in contextual environments. For example, various semantics are utilized when developing aircrew displays. A heading indicator (directional gyro) is a flight instrument utilized to determine the heading of the aircraft. The symbol utilized to show the aircraft position on the instrument is the outline of an aircraft. The numbers on the directional gyro provide information regarding aircraft direction. As the direction of the aircraft changes, the symbol of the aircraft guides the pilot by providing current directional feedback. If a pilot is traveling west, the numbers on the aircraft directional gyro represent 270 degrees indicating a heading of west. The design of aircrew system displays can also be considered mission critical and safety critical. Whether the mission is to fly from Washington, DC to Miami, Fla. or to provide a warning system for terrain avoidance, these systems need to be effectively designed with the user interface optimized. Therefore, understanding the challenging factors that influence human behavior are important variables that influence the design in the conceptual design stage. (Sevillian, 2012b, CASI, pp. 1-2). System block diagrams are usually developed during the conceptual stage of the design process. (Sevillian, 2012b, CASI, p. 7)
Use of Highways in the Sky and a virtual pad for landing Head Up Display symbology to enable improved helicopter pilots situation awareness and workload in degraded visual conditions
Published in Ergonomics, 2019
Neville A. Stanton, Katherine L. Plant, Aaron P. Roberts, Craig K. Allison
Head down Display – The Head down display (HDD) used as part of this study was available within the native Prepar3D software and consisted of analogue flight instruments, including: attitude indicator, airspeed indicator, a compass, heading indicator, altimeter, vertical speed indicator and engine torque vertical scale indicator. The HDD was available to the pilots in all four conditions. This was displayed to the pilots on the outer right multifunction display unit in the simulator.
Head-up displays assist helicopter pilots landing in degraded visual environments
Published in Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 2018
Neville A. Stanton, Aaron P. Roberts, Katherine L. Plant, Craig K. Allison, Catherine Harvey
The HDD was displayed to the pilots on the outer right multi-function display unit in the simulator. This was available to the pilots in all four conditions. The HDD was part of the Prepar3D software and consisted of analogue flight instruments, including: attitude indicator, airspeed indicator, a compass, heading indicator, altimeter, vertical speed indicator and engine torque vertical scale indicator.