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Human factors contributions during air traffic control system evolution
Published in V. David Hopkin, Human Factors in Air Traffic Control, 2017
The Aviation Safety Reporting System conducted by NASA in the United States, the United Kingdom Confidential Human Incident Reporting Programme under the auspices of the Civil Aviation Authority, and comparable focal points in a few other countries, provide confidential and disidentified channels for reporting potential sources of error in the interests of aviation safety where appropriate follow-up action can be taken. This kind of reporting facility benefits safety by tapping evidence not otherwise available, and is therefore in addition to and not instead of other more traditional means to improve aviation safety. Almost all the reported incidents originate in operational circumstances, and a vital bridge between operational systems and human factors specialists is their role in confidential incident reporting (Baker, 1993).
Safety Event Reporting Systems: Problem Detection in Distributed Systems
Published in Christopher P. Nemeth, Improving Healthcare Team Communication, 2017
Charles E. Billings, Philip J. Smith, Amy L. Spencer
The Aviation Safety Reporting System was designed to improve the feedback of safety-critical information in a very large, widely distributed, service system. In brief, the ASRS was designed to accept narrative data from practitioners in aviation in order to provide useful data concerning system and human problems that can compromise safety. Thus, to help ensure its effectiveness, its design was strongly focused on safety in order to avoid potential diversions that could have resulted from a broader charter, including consideration of quality, efficiency, and cost. By structurally separating safety concerns from consideration of these other (still important) issues, this design helps to ensure that the safety message will not be watered down. If safety–cost trade-offs, for example, need to be considered, they are dealt with through other organizations and therefore forced to be discussed explicitly.
Safety Aspects, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, and Safety Enhancement Technologies
Published in Siyong Kim, John Wong, Advanced and Emerging Technologies in Radiation Oncology Physics, 2018
An excellent example of an incident reporting (and hence learning) system, which is often purported as the model system, is run by the airline industry (it is currently hosted by NASA). The Aviation Safety Reporting System offers online or paper submission of reports contains a search function, and offers collated sets of reports for a number of commonly reported categories.
Qualitative Analysis of General Aviation Pilots’ Aviation Safety Reporting System Incident Narratives Using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
Published in The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, 2023
Lakshmi Vempati, Sabrina Woods, Robert C. Solano
The NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) was implemented in 1975 and was originally designed to be a confidential system used by anyone functioning in the National Airspace System (NAS; Billings et al., 1976). The computer-based system collects and stores data to be used for analysis in research, regulatory, operational, and safety advocacy capacities (Billings et al., 1976). Special consideration is given to the reporting system’s voluntary nature as it affords users a certain level of anonymity and potential immunity in reporting, while providing a more expansive mechanism for data collection. The reports that are submitted to ASRS describe both unsafe occurrences and hazardous situations. In particular, ASRS focuses on the quality of human performance in the NAS and analyses incidents (rather than accidents) as a form of leading indicator data for aviation safety (Billings, 1998; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA], 2015).
Automation complacency on the road
Published in Ergonomics, 2023
The concept of complacency originated from the practice field of aviation accident investigations rather than academic research. The NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) defines it as ‘self-satisfaction, which may result in non-vigilance based on an unjustified assumption of satisfactory system state’ (Billings et al. 1976; cited in Parasuraman, Molloy, and Singh 1993). As automation becomes an important research topic in HFE, the concept of automation complacency (or ‘automation-induced complacency’ or just ‘complacency’) was then developed and studied in this scientific field. Parasuraman, Molloy, and Singh (1993) invited participants to perform system monitoring, fuel management, and manual tracking in a multi-task flight simulation testbed, and designed the automation to perform system monitoring with different reliability conditions (variable-reliability vs. constant-reliability). They measured complacency as participants’ not detecting or being slow to detect the automation failures. They claimed to provide the first empirical evidence of complacency in the human performance literature: participants under constant-reliability automation had poorer performance in detecting automation failures than those under variable-reliability automation (as the former was assumed to induce participants’ complacency). The seminal work motivated several replications and similar studies.
The Use of Blockchain in Aviation Safety Reporting Systems: A Framework Proposal
Published in The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, 2022
Ersin Aktas, Sercan Demir, Turan Paksoy
The leading model of the reporting system is created in the USA by the agreement between NASA and FAA. The incident reporting system was created in the US in 1975 as the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS). It was established as an analytical information system to improve aviation safety. The system’s objective was to design a computer-based, interactive and responsive system of incident reporting for people taking part in the aviation industry. As a voluntary-based system, it obtains reports from people working in the aviation industry. Firstly, the reports are subjected to pre-examination and de-identified. After that, further analysis is made of the reports’ content (Billings et al., 1976, p. 2, 4). NASA takes part in the processing of received reports as an independent organization. It does not have any regulatory or enforcement power. ASRS aims to obtain incident information and learn the reason for events; hence reports include reporters’ assessment of incidents and their views on the situation. ASRS’s effectiveness depends on the trust of the reporters in the system and the credibility of the management. Those are achieved by the confidentiality and voluntariness features of the program. Besides, ASRS serves the aviation industry by providing information about potential hazards and explaining the causes of incidents (Reynard, 1991).