Andrological causes of recurrent implantation failure
Efstratios M. Kolibianakis, Christos A. Venetis in Recurrent Implantation Failure, 2019
Chronic inflammatory conditions of the genital tract, such as male accessory gland infections (MAGIs), are frequently encountered in male fertility problems. With regard to their impact on male reproductive function, epididymitis seems to be more relevant than inflammation/infection of the prostate and/or seminal vesicles. Chronic epididymitis may result in reduced sperm count and motility. Besides changes in the conventional sperm parameters, alterations in DNA integrity have also been observed.88 A reduction in natural and assisted cumulative pregnancy rate and an increase in miscarriage rate are related to the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) at the sperm level. The exact mechanisms by which MAGI are able to impair implantation rates remain unclear, with increased oxidative stress or a direct effect of microorganisms on sperm being the most plausible.89,90
Initial investigation of the infertile couple
David K. Gardner, Ariel Weissman, Colin M. Howles, Zeev Shoham in Textbook of Assisted Reproductive Techniques, 2017
The bulk of the semen volume is made up of secretions from the male accessory gland in the reproductive tract, mainly seminal vesicles and prostate. Low semen volume may be associated with the absence or blockade of the seminal vesicles or the ejaculatory duct in the prostate. In men with CBAVD, low semen volume is often seen due to the poor development of the seminal vesicles. Low semen volume can also be the result of a collection problem, androgen deficiency, obstruction to the ejaculatory duct, or partial retrograde ejaculation. High semen volume may reflect exudation in cases of active inflammation of the accessory organs.
Radionuclide-based Diagnosis and Therapy of Prostate Cancer
Michael Ljungberg in Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
The human prostate is a secretory chestnut-shaped male accessory gland, located at the base of the urinary bladder, and encloses the upper part of the urethra, Figure 19.1. The prostate consists of muscle fibres (mostly unstriped), fibrous-, elastic-, vascular-, nerve-, connective, and glandular tissue.
Role of reactive oxygen species in male infertility: An updated review of literature
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2018
Hillary Wagner, Julie W. Cheng, Edmund Y. Ko
Spermatic leucocytes are another intrinsic source of ROS, producing up to 1000-fold more ROS than aerobic metabolism [10]. Infection has also been implicated as a source of ROS, as inflammation and infection can attract leucocytes to the affected region. The prevalence of subclinical infection in infertile males varies between 10% and 35% [6,11]. ROS are higher in patients with male accessory gland infections (MAGI) including the urethra, prostate, seminal vesicles, deferent ducts, Cowper’s glands, epididymis, or testes [12]. The definition of MAGI is based on WHO criteria of oligo-, astheno-, or teratozoopsermia with a combination of the following criteria: (i) history of urinary infection, epididymitis, or sexually transmitted disease, or physical findings of abnormal rectal examination, thickened or tender epididymis or vas deferens, (ii) abnormal prostatic fluid or urine after prostate examination, (iii) abnormal ejaculate including peroxidase positive leucocytes, culture with pathogenic bacteria, or abnormal seminal plasma [12].
Effects of testicular sperm aspiration upon first cycle ICSI-ET for type 2 diabetic male patients
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2020
Xiang Liu, Ming Gao, Jianhua Sun, Zheng Sun, Juan Song, Xia Xue, Zhou Zhang, Juanzi Shi, Junping Xing
Many adverse effects of DM upon male reproductive function are related to disorders of glucose metabolism, which is important for spermatogenesis for sperm motility and fertilization that require the participation of glucose (Ding et al. 2015). T2DM associated inflammation and increased oxidative stress, results in decreased sperm motility and increased sperm DNA fragmentation (Condorelli et al. 2018). It has also found that there exists an alteration in the gene expression of male diabetic patients which is involved in oxidative stress (Mallidis et al. 2009). The mechanism of male diabetes combined with azoospermia is related to hyperglycemia causing infection/inflammation of the male accessory gland (Patterson and Andriole 1997; Condorelli et al. 2013). It is well known that long-term chronic epididymitis can block epididymal duct and sperm release which will result in subfertility.
Effects of the selective estrogen receptor modulators for the treatment of male infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Rossella Cannarella, Rosita A. Condorelli, Laura M. Mongioì, Federica Barbagallo, Aldo E. Calogero, Sandro La Vignera
Data on study design, year of publication, country, and mean age of patients were collected. The following criteria were considered to include a study in the meta-analysis: Study design: randomized controlled and not-controlled clinical trial;Patient inclusion criteria: idiopathic etiology of infertility and serum FSH within the normal range (2–12 mIU/ml).Patient exclusion criteria: known causes of male infertility (male accessory gland infection, varicocele, hypogonadism, Y chromosome microdeletions, testicular torsion or trauma, history of cryptorchidism, major comorbidities known to impact male fertility, such as thyroid, pituitary, or adrenal disorders, and liver or kidney failure).Study intervention: SERM administration.Study outcome(s): (i) conventional sperm parameters evaluated after SERM treatment, compared to those of a treated or not-treated control group or with baseline; (ii) serum gonadotropin and total testosterone levels after SERM administration, compared to baseline; and (iii) pregnancy rate evaluated after SERM administration, compared to that of control group.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Bulbourethral Gland
- Seminal Vesicles
- Sperm
- Spermatozoon
- Ejaculation
- Prostate
- Seminal Fluid Protein
- Urethral Gland
- Fertilisation
- Tubular Gland