Introduction
Paul Ong, Rachel Skittrall in Gastrointestinal Nursing, 2017
The serosa is the outermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract (Figure 1.4). It consists of a thin layer of mesothelium supported by a thin layer of connective tissue. The serosa refers to a layer of peritoneum that covers the digestive organs inside the abdominopelvic cavity. The peritoneum is divided into the Parietal layer which lines the abdominopelvic cavity walls.Visceral layer which covers the surface of the organs within the peritoneal cavity. It is equivalent to the serosa.
Gastric Cancer
Dongyou Liu in Tumors and Cancers, 2017
Structurally, the stomach wall is composed of five layers (from superficial to deep): serosa (peritoneum), subserosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, and mucosa. The serosa (peritoneum) covering most of the stomach helps attach it to the abdominal wall. The muscularis externa includes three layers of smooth muscles: inner oblique (unique to stomach), middle circular (forming the pylorus), and outer longitudinal. The submucosa comprises loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and Meissner’s nerve plexus. The mucosa lines the stomach cavity and contains columnar epithelium (1 mm in height), lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa, covered by a 100–200 µm thick mucus. Gastric foveolae extend to the muscularis mucosa (where the tubular glands formed by different exocrine cells are located).
Embryology and anatomy of the peritoneal cavity
Wim P. Ceelen, Edward A. Levine in Intraperitoneal Cancer Therapy, 2015
The subserosa is one layer of connective tissue beneath the serosa, which is partially adherent and partially loosely connected to the serosa. The anatomic continuity of the subserosa enables the spread of diseases, not only between the intraperitoneal structures but also between intra- and extraperitoneal spaces. A clinical example would be Cullen’s sign, which is the result of a subserosal spread of inflammation. This phenomenon also occurs during acute severe pancreatitis and is characterized by the spreading of exudates to the ventral abdominal wall by the inflamed hepatoduodenal ligament and along the falciform ligament. Free air, inflammation, tumors, or other proliferative diseases can also spread along the subserosa. Clinically significant as well is the so-called Sister Mary Joseph nodule in the umbilicus due to peritoneal spread from gastric or ovarian cancers.
Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for ovarian cancer using sustained-release implantable devices
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2018
Smrithi Padmakumar, Neha Parayath, Fraser Leslie, Shantikumar V. Nair, Deepthy Menon, Mansoor M. Amiji
The peritoneum is the most extensive serous membrane in the human body with a surface area of ~1–2 m2. It is composed of visceral peritoneum which envelopes the abdomino-pelvic organs and mesenteries supporting them, and parietal peritoneum which lines the abdominal wall, the pelvis, the inferior diaphragm surface as well as anterior surfaces of retroperitoneal organs [36–39]. The peritoneal cavity of mesodermal origin serves as a conduit for their blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves (Figure 1). In women, the peritoneal cavity is an open-sac system with ovaries and fallopian tubes being connected to the peritoneal cavity [37]. Peritoneum lining with a total thickness of 90 µm, comprises of a monolayer of mesothelial cells anchored to a basement membrane and five layers of connective tissue consisting of interstitial cells, and a matrix of hyaluronan, collagen and proteoglycans. Pericytes, blood capillaries and parenchymal cells form the cellular part of peritoneum [40,41].
Method for adequate macroscopic gallbladder examination after cholecystectomy
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2020
Bartholomeus J. G. A. Corten, Wouter K. G. Leclercq, Peter H. van Zwam, Rudi M. H. Roumen, Cees H. Dejong, Gerrit D. Slooter
The technique used in our hospital is illustrated in Figure 1(a–f) and demonstrated in the supplementary video (appendix). The macroscopic examination was conducted immediately after the cholecystectomy, and prior to sending the gallbladder specimen to the pathology department. Usually, during laparoscopic surgery, the gallbladder is removed with or without the use of an endobag by one of the trocar incisions. First, the gallbladder is removed from the endobag (Figure 1(a)) and externally irrigated with saline solution, to remove debris and adhesive tissue from the gallbladder (Figure 1(b)). Thereafter, the surface is observed closely in search of any abnormalities (Figure 1(c)). This includes; ulcers, polyps, perforations, masses, indurations, calcifications or (focal) wall thickening. Secondly, the surgeon incises the gallbladder longitudinally along the serosal surface preserving the cystic duct and gallbladder bed to the liver margins (Figure 1(d)), followed by irrigation of the mucosa with saline solution (Figure 1(e)). Any stones or debris are hereby removed allowing a meticulous inspection of the mucosal wall. The serosa and mucosa are observed and palpated thoroughly in search of any of the aforementioned abnormalities (Figure 1(f)).
Controversies in classification of peritoneal tuberculosis and a proposal for clinico-radiological classification
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2019
Rizwan Ahamed Z, Jimil Shah, Roshan Agarwala, Praveen Kumar-M, Harshal S Mandavdhare, Pankaj Gupta, Harjeet Singh, Aman Sharma, Usha Dutta, Vishal Sharma
The peritoneum is the largest serous membrane in the body and protects the abdominal cavity and the visceral organs. It also forms the omentum and the mesentery which enclose the small intestine. Peritoneal involvement by TB is well recognized and can occur in isolation or in combination with other intra-abdominal or extra-abdominal organs. Indeed, in one of the reports on peritoneal TB, 65% of the cases were associated with tubercular involvement at other sites[5]. Peritoneal TB has been reported to occur in up to 3.5% of the cases of pulmonary TB, and comprises 31–58% of cases of abdominal TB [6,7]. The reported incidence of peritoneal TB as a cause of ascites is only 2%; however, in a series from North India, TB was the second most common cause of ascites after cirrhosis [8,9]. It can also have significant overlap with intestinal TB, another common form of abdominal TB. In a recent report, 18 (16%) of all patients with abdominal TB had a combined involvement of the gastrointestinal lumen and the peritoneum [10].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Adventitia
- Mesothelium
- Serous Fluid
- Connective Tissue
- Heart
- Mediastinum
- Tissue Membrane
- Body Cavity
- Potential Space
- Tunica