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Ayurveda in the West
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
Then under the category of “Communication skills” on page 8 the practitioner is expected to: Disseminate clinical observations and findings to other professionals in accordance with ethical principles Provide appropriate case history and diagnostic information when referring patients to related specialists
Introduction
Published in Arvind Kumar Bansal, Javed Iqbal Khan, S. Kaisar Alam, Introduction to Computational Health Informatics, 2019
Arvind Kumar Bansal, Javed Iqbal Khan, S. Kaisar Alam
Traditionally, doctors and nurses write a handwritten note in reporting the case history of a patient. Substituting these notes into computer-generated forms with a limited number of fields will limit physicians' options. Physicians use different health-related vocabulary to explain the same concept based upon their expertise and their assessment of the patients' conditions. Natural language text is also needed to explain the condition to a patient and his relatives in an easy to comprehend manner. This requires that healthcare software should be able to convert natural language summary into structured data into the database, generate natural language from structured data and find equivalence between two textual summaries.
Ancient Egyptian Medical Sciences
Published in Ibrahim M. Eltorai, A Spotlight on the History of Ancient Egyptian Medicine, 2019
In the ancient Egyptian language, there are over 100 anatomical terms. On the whole, the gross anatomy of the body is fairly accurate. However, there is failure to differentiate between nerves, muscles, arteries, and veins. One word, metu, denotes these structures, and the Egyptians appear to have regarded them as a single system. The same term was applied to the vessels communicating with the heart. This appears to be a generic term indicating any tubular structure whether solid or hollow and whether it contains blood or otherwise. Until now, the Egyptian public gives the word irk in Arabic to indicate any of these structures. This sometimes causes confusion when one takes a case history or receives the patient’s complaint by correspondence. The same word is applied, for example, to the temporal vessels, the sterno-mastoid muscle, tendons of the hand or leg, a varicose vein, an aneurysm, even a hernia going down into the scrotum. So, it seems this word was used popularly and was kept in the physician’s description and was passed down through the ages to the present time. For more on the anatomy of the heart, see Grapow’s Über die Anatomischer Kenntrisse den Alten Ägepteschen Arzte (1935).
‘I had nothing. It’s just life experience that helped me through that situation’: Australian audiologists’ perspectives on audiological clinical practice for traumatic brain injury and rehabilitation
Published in Brain Injury, 2022
Bojana Šarkić, Jacinta. M. Douglas, Andrea Simpson
In addressing, more specifically, the current clinical audiology practice in the context of TBI, the results of this study indicate that participants’ focus was to identify, diagnose and manage ear and hearing deficits in isolation to any TBI related effects (i.e., holistically), again following the reductionist model of care. Participants described a lack of knowledge, confidence, and certainty around the questions they could utilize during case history taking and how such information would further drive their clinical decision making. Further, most participants cited the use of the standard audiological test battery with some amendment, subject to equipment availability, indicating a lack of a TBI tailored approach in clinical diagnosis methodology. While best practice clinical guidelines for identification, diagnosis and management of auditory dysfunction post TBI do not exist, recommendation guidelines have been developed by Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation (26) and American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (68), as well as summarized for clinical audiologists as a guide (12).
Heightening our vigilance towards patient well-being
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2021
John Greer Clark, Kristina M. English, Joseph J. Montano
If trained in cognitive screening, an audiologist might present such screening to patients as a means to help ensure patients remain as socially active as possible. Alternatively, a case history question, as presented in the vignette, can suffice to raise the issue and guide conversation to discuss concerns more fully with the patient’s physician. If an audiologist provides a formal cognitive screen, a useful screening measure for dementia used by a variety of health professionals is the Mini-Cog (Borson et al. 2003). As noted by Beck, Weinstein, and Harvey (2018), the very act of screening for dementia can serve as a trigger for the memories of the many unwanted life changes that may accompany aging. This may be true as well for some patients during informal discussions when a direct screening has not been performed. To offset this possibility, Beck and colleagues recommend empowering patients after screening by allowing them to guide the next step by asking if they would like information on how the results of the screening might be beneficial.
Diagnosing and managing post-stroke aphasia
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Shannon M. Sheppard, Rajani Sebastian
Conducting a comprehensive assessment is vital to forming meaningful and feasible treatment goals and activities. Moreover, in light of the WHO ICF, aphasia assessment must surpass simply identifying deficits and instead aim to gain a full understanding of how deficits have restricted the patient’s daily life and social activities. It is important to first obtain an accurate case history including background information such as occupation, language and cultural background, and medical history. A comprehensive aphasia assessment includes each component of language (e.g., syntax, semantics), in every modality (comprehending and expressing spoken language, written language, and gestures). Fluency and quality of spontaneous speech should be assessed using tasks like picture description, and asking open-ended questions. Naming can be assessed using confrontation naming tasks. Auditory comprehension should be assessed at several levels including single words (nouns and verbs), sentences (syntactically simple and complex), and multi-step commands. It is also important to investigate the reliability of yes/no responses to ascertain if the patient has more reliable yes/no responses with gestures vs. speech. Repetition of words, phrases, and sentences should also be assessed. It is critical to consider repetition skills relative to other language skills.