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Bacteria are harmless
Published in Dinesh Kumar Jain, Homeopathy, 2022
Clostridium welchii, Clostridium oedematiens and Clostridium septicum are three most important anaerobic sporulating bacteria. Being anaerobic and saprophytic, they cannot multiply in living oxygenated tissue but they flourish in dead tissue. The dead tissues are commonly invaded by a mixture of other organisms which may play a major role in putrefaction.
Odor Control
Published in William C. Beck, Ralph H. Meyer, The Health Care Environment: The User’s Viewpoint, 2019
Odor control begins with the elimination of the source if at all possible. This is the ideal method of heeding nature’s warning signal. In the health care institution this may be difficult or impossible. Yet many odors can be controlled by proper planning. In areas of chronic care institutions where incontinence of excratory mechanisms are frequent, floors and furnishings should be designed using materials incapable of absorption. Thus carpeting and upholstered furniture should be avoided. Many malodors start as the product of bacterial action. So all materials subject to decomposition and putrefaction should be disposed of promptly.
Practising on principle: Joseph Lister and the germ theories of disease
Published in Christopher Lawrence, Medical Theory, Surgical Practice, 2018
Christopher Lawrence, Richard Dixey
Putrefaction was the decay or decomposition of dead tissue, the process seen in the post-mortem room, in the rotting of meat or in the decaying of leaves on the forest floor. Decomposition was a necessary part of the cyclical renewal of nature. However, when it occurred in dead tissues which were still in contact with the living body, it was productive of dire results. Dead tissue in wounds became dark and foul-smelling. By some means, generally agreed to be ill-understood, a single putrefying wound in a hospital patient was known to be followed by similar changes in the wounds of other patients and with outbreaks of febrile disease. As the St Bartholomew’s Hospital Reports for 1867 put it, Pyaemia commonly supervenes upon foul wounds, or wounds which furnish decomposing matter. Now, such matter may not only be absorbed into the system furnishing it, and thus provoke pyaemia, but, impregnating the atmosphere, it may be carried to adjacent healthy wounds in other persons, and create morbid action in them, whereby foul matter is again formed and then absorbed; for the decomposing matter thus given off is the very matter likely by its presence to excite corresponding changes in healthy wounds.19
Lethal toxicity induced by combined ingestion of dietary acetic acid and carbamazepine
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Iuliu Fulga, Oana-Maria Dragostin, Carmen Chitescu, Ioana Irimia, Alin Pîrăianu, Elena Stamate, Ana Fulga
The external examination of the corpse shows signs of putrefaction (abdominal green spot), no traumatic injuries to the head, body, or limbs. The internal examination revealed stasis and cerebral edema, internal hydrocephalus; stasis, edema, and acute pulmonary emphysema (Figure 1(A)), diffuse myocardosclerosis, liver autolysis (Figure 1(B)) inside the stomach there is found about 1000 mL of blackish fluid, the gastric mucosa being friable, with a gray-blackish color with thickened folds (Figure 1(C)); other than that the viscera showed signs of autolysis. Five organ samples were collected (brain, lung, kidney, liver, and stomach) for histopathological examination; blood was collected for determination of alcohol level; also fragments of liver, kidney, stomach, and gastric contents, were sampled for HPLC toxicological screening.
Enlargement of the human adrenal zona fasciculata and chronic psychiatric illness – an autopsy-based study
Published in Stress, 2020
Johannes Rødbro Busch, Sissel Banner Lundemose, Niels Lynnerup, Christina Jacobsen, Martin Balslev Jørgensen, Jytte Banner
Postmortem putrefactive changes are a challenge to studies based on medico-legal autopsies, as the PMI cannot be controlled and may often be uncertain or unknown. In our sample, there was no significant difference in median PMI, and the majority of the interval was made up of time where the body was in a morgue and decompositional changes were thus slowed. We developed a counting protocol not dependent on nucleic morphology, as nuclei are most sensitive to decomposition, whereas the overall cytoarchitecture is more robust (Lesnikova, Schreckenbach, Kristensen, Papanikolaou, & Hamilton-Dutoit, 2018). Our observer agreement rate was above 92% in all areas except the ZR, where it was 77.3%. This could be due to some counts being interpreted as being in a transitional area between the ZF and ZR, leading to higher disagreement. Since the ZF has a much higher total count number, it is more robust to these count uncertainties. We cannot rule out that there is a group difference in tissue morphology, which theoretically could lead to bias in estimating the area of the ZF through erroneous counting. Immunohistochemical markers for zone-specific enzymes, such as aldosterone synthase, could be considered in order to better distinguish zones, although the PMI length of more than 24 hours may mean antibody affinity may be unreliable, depending on the chosen antigen (Lesnikova et al., 2018).
Biochemical markers of time since death in cerebrospinal fluid: A first step towards “Forensomics”
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2019
Pierre-Antoine Peyron, Sylvain Lehmann, Constance Delaby, Eric Baccino, Christophe Hirtz
After death, the structure and composition of the human body are considerably altered by a complex series of pathological and biochemical processes [4]. As several of these changes occur sequentially, various methods have been proposed to estimate the TSD based on these processes. In the early PMI, that is, before the onset of microbial proliferation [5], these methods are mainly based on physical/physicochemical progressive changes, such as body cooling, livor mortis (hypostasis) and rigor mortis. Supravital reactions, including postmortem excitation-induced reactions of tissues (e.g. mechanical and electrical excitability of skeletal muscle) and pharmacologically induced excitability of the iris, may also be used [6]. Later on, bacterial processes (referred to as putrefaction) and entomology may be considered [6,7]. These different methods are still routinely used, although they give only imprecise estimates of the PMI. Indeed, they are influenced by a variety of factors that tend to introduce considerable errors, including external (or environmental) factors, such as ambient temperature and humidity and internal (or endogenous) factors, such as pre-existing diseases, age or body mass index [3,8,9].