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The Immunobiology of Recurrent Miscarriage
Published in Howard J.A. Carp, Recurrent Pregnancy Loss, 2020
Marighoula Varla-Leftherioti, Theodora Keramitsoglou, Christina Tsekoura
dNK cells exhibit unique phenotypic and functional properties. They specifically express CD69, CD49a, CD103, CD9, galectin, high levels of CXCR3, a-1 integrin, and other adhesion molecules. They also express inhibitory and activating receptors: killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), C-type lectin-like receptors (CD94/NKG2A), leukocyte Ig-like receptor (LILRB1), and natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR) [48]. Through their receptors, dNK cells may recognize selected epitopes on HLA class I molecules expressed on invading trophoblast. The specific ligands for most of the receptors are the non-classical HLA class I molecules G and E as well as the classical HLA class I antigen C, which are the only HLA molecules expressed on extravillous trophoblast.
Immune-focused multi-omics analysis of prostate cancer: leukocyte Ig-Like receptors are associated with disease progression
Published in OncoImmunology, 2020
Benjamin Vittrant, Alain Bergeron, Oscar Eduardo Molina, Mickael Leclercq, Xavier-Philippe Légaré, Hélène Hovington, Valérie Picard, Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette, Julie Livingstone, Paul C. Boutros, Colin Collins, Yves Fradet, Arnaud Droit
The absence of a statistically significant association of LILRB1 mRNA level with BCR in the intermediate-risk cohort suggests that LILRB1 gene expression could be associated with grade. Spearman correlation analysis showed indeed that LILRB1 mRNA level was correlated with grade in the TCGA-GSE54460-VPCC cohort (rs= 0.53, p = .01; Supplementary Table S6), while the mRNA levels of LILRB2, LILRB3, LILRB5, and LILRA3 were not associated with grade in the combined cohort. To further assess the association of the LILRB1 gene with BCR, we analyzed the expression of LILRB1 protein in a series of 20 high-risk prostate tumors by immunohistochemistry. LILRB1 protein was found on immune cells scattered between tumor glands (Supplementary Figure S5 and Table S7). No tumor cells or stromal cells expressed the protein. In Kaplan-Meier analyses, a high level of LILRB1+ cells infiltrating the tumor was found to be associated with poor clinical outcomes such as the need for definitive androgen deprivation therapy (Figure 7(b); log-rank 0 = 0.009) and having lethal PCa defined as PCa that has already led to death or metastatic castration-resistant PCa that will eventually lead to death by PCa.
Association of HLA-G 3’UTR Polymorphisms with Soluble HLA-G Levels and Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case-Control Study
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2020
Surabhi Gautam, Uma Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Uma Kanga, Rima Dada
There was no significant difference in genotype distribution between patients and controls regarding HLA-G 14 bp ins/del variant. The 14 bp ins allele was the major allele in patients (42.9%) as compared to controls (38%). Previous reports indicated that lower levels of membrane bound and sHLA-G levels were associated with the ins allele (Rousseau et al., 2003). Among RA patients with 14 bp ins/ins genotype, 30.9% had ≤8.5 U/mL whereas only 25% patients had >8.5 U/mL sHLA-G levels. Among RA patients with 14 bp ins/del genotype, 25% had sHLA-G levels ≤8.5 U/mL whereas 33.9% had sHLA-G levels above the cut-off value. The genotype 14 bp del/del confers a more stable mRNA as compared to 14 bp ins/ins genotype and is associated with a higher level of sHLA-G levels (Hashemi et al., 2016; Rousseau et al., 2003). Lower sHLA-G levels were observed among RA patients as compared to healthy controls in our population. The ROC curve analysis suggested that sHLA-G could be a potential immune marker for disease progression and severity. It is reported that sHLA-G levels in RA patients were significantly lower than healthy controls and patients with low sHLA-G levels were unable to suppress self-reactive cells leading to development of autoimmunity (Hviid and Christiansen, 2005; Mariaselvam et al., 2015). An interesting study by Veit et al. answers the question about the functionality of elevated sHLA-G levels in plasma of RA patients with long-lasting chronic inflammation. However, an increase in sHLA-G levels in late RA patients could reflect an attempt of the immune system to counterbalance the autoimmune process. They observed that circulating sHLA-G molecules were not recognized by their cognate LILRB1 receptor in a substantial number of late RA patients. These molecules did not qualify to exert their immune suppressive and protective functions against inflammation via LILRB1 receptor (Degani Veit et al., 2015).