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Cell Adhesion Molecules in Mast Cell Adhesion and Migration
Published in Bruce S. Bochner, Adhesion Molecules in Allergic Disease, 2020
Harissios Vliagoftis, Dean D. Metcalfe
Human lung and uterine mast cells express ICAM-1 (CD54) (40). Reported expression is low. In fact, some monoclonal antibodies against ICAM-1 fail to yield positive results on flow cytometry (42). HMC-1 mast cells constitutively express mRNA for ICAM-1 and show surface staining with anti-ICAM-1 antibodies (43). ICAM-1 expression is up-regulated after treatment with IL-4. IL-4 has a similar effect on macrophages but not on basophils, fibroblasts, or lymphocytes. IL-13, a cytokine with properties similar to IL-4, also increased the expression of ICAM-1 on HMC-1 cells (38). IL-13 had no effect on the expression of integrins on the surface of HMC-1 cells (38). This is unlike what has been shown for monocytes (44), where IL-13 up-regulates the expression of CD11b, CD11c, CD18, CD29, and CD49e. Treatment of HMC-1 cells with IFN-γ(2000 U/mL) or TNF-α (200 ng/ml) increased the expression of ICAM-1 but had no effect on the expression of CD11a, CD11b, or CD11c. Only IFN-γ increased the expression of CD18 (45). HMC-1 cells also express LFA-1 (37) and LFA-3 (39).
Host Defense II: Acquired Immunity
Published in Constantin A. Bona, Francisco A. Bonilla, Textbook of Immunology, 2019
Constantin A. Bona, Francisco A. Bonilla
In cutaneous fungal infections, nonspecific cellular mechanisms predominate initially. While the infection is confined to the stratum corneum, there is exuberant inflammation and activation of neutrophils. When infection reaches the deeper dermal tissues, and the inflammation becomes chronic, mononuclear cells predominate. Fungi adhere to phagocytic cells by a variety of surface molecules. Some adhere directly to structures such as mannose/fucose binding proteins. Histoplasma interacts with the β2 family of integrins (CD11a,b,c/CD18). Many fungi are opsonized with antibodies, or with C3b and/or iC3b produced mainly via the alternative pathway. Phagocytosis of hyphal forms is difficult because of their size, but they may be killed by extracellular mechanisms (release of granule contents). The ability of a phagocytic cell to kill a fungus depends on the type of cell, its tissue of origin (i.e., cell subtype), the species of fungus and its stage of growth (Table 11–II). The oxidative mechanisms of microbial destruction are important for killing of fungi, the myeloperoxidase system, in particular (Chapter 10). Other granule contents are also active, including defensins which have activity against Candida and Cryptococcus.
Phagocytic cells and their functions
Published in Gabriel Virella, Medical Immunology, 2019
Gabriel Virella, John W. Sleasman
These cell adhesion molecules are common to the majority of leukocytes, but their individual density and frequency may vary in the two main groups of phagocytic cells. While CD11a and CD18 are expressed virtually by all monocytes and granulocytes, CD11b is more prevalent among granulocytes and CD11c is more frequent among monocytes.
PIMS-TS immunophenotype: description and comparison with healthy children, Kawasaki disease and severe viral and bacterial infections
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2022
Alberto García-Salido, Inés Leoz-Gordillo, Anthony González Brabin, María Ángeles García-Teresa, Amelia Martínez-de-Azagra-Garde, María Isabel Iglesias-Bouzas, Marta Cabrero-Hernández, Gema De Lama Caro-Patón, José Luis Unzueta-Roch, Ana Castillo-Robleda, Manuel Ramirez-Orellana, Montserrat Nieto-Moro
We also examined the percentage of CD11a and CD11b positive cells. We observed that both proteins were higher in neutrophils and monocytes than in viral or bacterial infections (Figure 1). Also, they were higher than KD but without significant differences. Related to CD11a, the MFI was also higher in neutrophils of PIMS-TS cases. In adults, the inflammation-based on SARS-CoV-2 showed a predominant presence of macrophages and neutrophils in the affected territory. In PIMS-TS, this increased CD11a expression could be a sign of trafficking. Adding to the previously commented, these findings are congruent with an inflammatory process and the trend of these cells to leave the bloodstream [10]. This adds interesting about the utility of anti-inflammatory drugs as a cornerstone in managing these children [8,12–14].
Increased Aqueous Humor Symmetric Dimethylarginine Level in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Published in Current Eye Research, 2019
Penpe Gül Firat, Ersan Ersin Demirel, Soner Demirel, Seyhan Dikci, Yusuf Turkoz, Fatma Ozyalın
SDMA, which indirectly inhibits NO production, may have pro-inflammatory effects.33 SDMA has been reported to stimulate the expression of CD11a, CD11b and CD14 in monocytes as well as CD18 expression in granulocytes to increase the differentiation and adhesion capacity of leukocytes to the endothelium. Also, SDMA may induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancement of NADPH-oxidase by modulating store-operated calcium channels in monocytes, resulting in an increased Ca+2 entry, thereby stimulating the formation of ROS and might contribute to monocyte activation.34 Although SDMA has an effect on ROS, ADMA did not have any effect on Ca+2 and ROS.35 Recent findings suggest a positive correlation between the reduction of antioxidants in the trabecular meshwork and glaucoma.36 The result of our study indicates an important role of ROS in glaucoma.
Microparticles and cardiovascular diseases
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2019
Christos Voukalis, Eduard Shantsila, Gregory Y. H. Lip
Chemo-attraction of leukocytes to the inflamed endothelial segment is essential for the progression of atherosclerosis [225]. Microparticles from different cellular origins may trigger production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from the endothelium, such as IL-6 and IL-8, which attract and activate leukocytes [91,226]. Another suggested mechanism which contributes to the progression of the atheroma is linked to microparticles-induced expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelial cells. An example is platelet-derived microparticles mediated upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on the endothelial cell membrane [91,227]. Plaque microparticles isolated from endarterectomy specimens could transfer ICAM-1 to endothelium [228]. Also microparticles induce integrin expression on the surface of the leukocytes, such as CD11a and CD11b, which interact with intercellular adhesion molecule-1[91]. Chemokines delivered from microparticles to inflamed or atherosclerotic endothelium promote further leukocyte recruitment. Mause et al. described a platelet-derived microparticle-associated delivery of the chemokine regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) to human microvascular endothelial cells which promotes monocyte adhesion [83].