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Marine Natural Products for Human Health Care
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
In pre-screening, large numbers of initial samples are subjected to bioassay to determine whether or not they have any desired bioactivity. Such bioassays must have high capacity, low cost, and must give rapid answers and need not be quantitative. Appropriate biological screening methodologies for marine sources are of great significance because of the great biodiversity existing in marine environment. Basically, the screening assay is selected depending upon the disease of interest. The following factors need to be taken care of while selecting an assay for testing [273]: High throughput.Reproducibility and reliability.Sensitivity and competence to detect the presence of very low concentrations of potentially active substances.Tolerance to DMSO (commonly used solvent for dissolving extracts).Tolerance to several impurities present in crude extracts.
In Vivo Assessment of Dermal Absorption
Published in David W. Hobson, Dermal and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
George J. Klain, William G. Reifenrath
The meaningful use of nonradioactive test compounds in in vivo dermal penetration studies depends on the sensitivity of analytical techniques to measure the concentration in blood and urine. Blood levels after topical application are usually very low due to dilution, tissue uptake, or rapid excretion. It may be difficult to completely extract the test compound from tissues. Appropriate analytical techniques include high performance liquid chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography with various detectors, bioassays, enzyme immunoassays, spectrophotometric, and spectrofluorometric methods. These are techniques of general acceptability and their use will depend on the design of each study.
Cystic Fibrosis
Published in Stephen D. Litwin, Genetic Determinants of Pulmonary Disease, 2020
Alexander G. Bearn, Β. Shannon Danes
These factors have been widely proposed for use in screening for the heterozygote. The developers of the bioassay agree [48] that there are major technical problems which limit the use of such bioassays to basic research aims while explaining the reproducibility and significance of the tests.
Comparative cytotoxicity induced by parabens and their halogenated byproducts in human and fish cell lines
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Ashley L. Ball, Megan E. Solan, Marco E. Franco, Ramon Lavado
It is well known that in vitro to in vivo extrapolation is challenging and the use of in vitro-derived data on its own can lead to misinterpretation at the in vivo level. However, cell-based bioassays can help inform subsequent evaluations and support better experimental designs. As shown in our study, the cytotoxic effects of parabens are in line with more comprehensive risk assessments suggesting that parent parabens pose a low risk to organisms in aquatic environments, yet the halogenated parabens are likely to induce more severe effects, as they have been predicted to act as estrogen antagonists (Sasaki and Terasaki 2018) and have been shown to induce AhR activity (Gouukon et al.2020). The data reported in this study support follow-up studies examining the mechanism of toxicity in fish cells and a closer look at the potential bioactivation of the metabolite 4-HBA due to its high reported concentrations in the literature. Further evaluations should also be considered to explore the brominated parabens outside of the commercially available products to determine if they pose a safety risk to aquatic organisms and ecosystems with reported low cytotoxicity values.
Antimicrobial peptides: A plausible approach for COVID-19 treatment
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2022
Pooja Rani, Bhupinder Kapoor, Monica Gulati, Atanas G. Atanasov, Qushmua Alzahrani, Reena Gupta
In addition to ACE2, glucose-regulating protein 78 (GRP78) receptor is another target assisting SARS-CoV-2 for its entry into the host cells. Allam et al. used in silico approach to identify bioactive peptides (satpdb12488, satpdb14438, satpdb18446, satpdb18674, and satpdb28899) which were found to act on regions III and IV of the viral S proteins and on its binding sites in GRP78. Bioassays, however, must be performed to ensure their inhibitory activity [33]. In another study, a protein inhibitor (ΔABP-D25Y) designed by computational approach has been found to exhibit exclusive binding at the ACE2 binding site of S protein in docking as well as molecular dynamic simulation studies. Higher binding affinity of the inhibitor as compared to that of ACE2 indicates its potential role in SARS-CoV-2 infection [34].
Establishment of an anti-inflammation-based bioassay for the quality control of the 13-component TCM formula (Lianhua Qingwen)
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Shuaishuai Chen, Xiaojuan Yang, Ziying Wei, Yanru Zhang, Ying Huang, Zhuo Shi, Ziteng Zhang, Jiabo Wang, Haizhu Zhang, Jianli Ma, Xiaohe Xiao, Ming Niu
Thus, we established an anti-inflammatory bioassay for LHQW. Methodology research showed that the new quality control method was reliable. We then compared the differences between bioassay and chemical evaluation for evaluating the marketed and destructed samples of LHQW. For marketed samples, bioassay can more sensitively reflect quality variations as compared to chemical evaluation. Additionally, bioassay confirmed that the destructed samples were significantly damaged during chemical evaluation. This finding shows that in marketed or destructed samples, the minimum content of forsythin reflects the quality of LHQW. Chemical evaluation mainly focuses on the authenticity of the sample quality, while bioassay focuses more on the sample quality (Xiong et al. 2014). In summary, bioassays not only sensitively reflect the quality variations of marketed samples but also effectively distinguish the quality of marketed and destructed samples.