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Alternaria
Published in Dongyou Liu, Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 2017
Alicia Rodríguez, Andrea Patriarca, Mar Rodríguez, María Jesús Andrade, Juan José Córdoba
Chinese hamster cell line V79 has been developed from lung tissue of a young male Chinese hamster. This cell line is used to investigate DNA damage, the effect on cell proliferation, and the clastogenic potential of AOH. Pfeiffer et al.63 showed that AOH and AME induce DNA strand breaks in a concentration-dependent manner in the cell line V79. Lehmann et al.67 demonstrated that AOH inhibits cell proliferation by interference with the cell cycle and induces kinetochore-negative micronucleus (MN) in cultured V79 cells. ATX II is a potent mutagen in the cell line V79, inducing a concentration-dependent increase of mutations at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene locus at concentrations similar to that of the established mutagen 4-quinoline-N-oxide.68 However, the mutagenic potency of AOH is at least 50 times lower than that of ATX II.69 In contrast to AOH and AME, ATX II does not affect the cell cycle of V79 cells. ATX II also causes DNA strand breaks in V79 cells, being more potent than AOH and AME. Schrader et al.70 demonstrated that nitrosylated ATX-I is mutagenic to V79 cells too. They also used rat hepatoma H4IIE cells to evaluate the mutagenicity of ATX-I, since they retain more metabolic activities and have been used as a model for assessing chemical effects on the induction of cytochrome P450, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, and epoxide hydrolase activities.70 This study concludes that if nitrosylated ATX-I is similarly toxic to other cell types, in particular esophageal cells, carcinogenesis would be promoted through cell death and the proliferation of neighboring cells to generate replacements. The sensitivity of H4IIE cells also suggested that exposure to nitrosylated ATX-I could lead to liver damage/carcinogenesis.
The Visible Heart® project and methodologies: novel use for studying cardiac monophasic action potentials and evaluating their underlying mechanisms
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Megan M. Schmidt, Paul A. Iaizzo
To the contrary, using an arterially perfused tissue wedge, Kondo et al. presented a scenario in which, by recording intracellular action potentials and traditional MAPs, they concluded that the contact (or KCl electrode in their study) was not the recording electrode; in fact, it was the opposite where the noncontact electrode was the critical component in the resulting waveform [11]. This work also explored Franz’s theory that the MAP sees ‘deep’ into the tissue through an injection of ATX-II, which prolongs action potentials, directly beneath the contact electrode (about 3–4 mms deep) [9,11]. However, it is important to point out that according to Franz’s theory, the cells directly beneath the catheter are inactive and are never stated to be responsible for the MAP properties; rather, it is the cells adjacent to the contact electrode which are responsible for the MAP and its corresponding properties [2,9].