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Role of Histone Methyltransferase in Breast Cancer
Published in Meenu Gupta, Rachna Jain, Arun Solanki, Fadi Al-Turjman, Cancer Prediction for Industrial IoT 4.0: A Machine Learning Perspective, 2021
Surekha Manhas, Zaved Ahmed Khan
Methylation at H3K36 histone protein residue is recognized as an abundant mark of histone that is highly conserved in eukaryotes. In addition, mono/di/trimethylation of H3K36 residue of H3 histone exists in yeast, and all these states of H3K36 are catalyzed through SET2. In the other cases, mammals have all other H3K36 methylation multiple writers, which include SETD2, NSD (1–3) family, SMYD2, ASH1L, and SETMAR, but SETD2 is recognized as the main sole enzyme that is responsible for proceeding the process of trimethylation at H3K36 in vivo [55]). Captivatingly, uncoupling of the activity H3K36me3 from H3K36me (1–2) over evolutionary alludes towards the biologically specified variable roles associated with each state of methylation. In addition, H3K36me3 is mostly associated with the active transcribed specific regions of specific genes and H3K36me3 level increase in the direction of the 30th end of active genes [10].
Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on histone modifications and histone modifying enzymes expression in human cell lines
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2022
Marta Pogribna, Beverly Word, Beverly Lyn-Cook, George Hammons
ASH1L is a H3K4 methyltransferase. Overexpression of ASH1L in thyroid tumors and lung cancer cell lines has been described (Liu et al. 2012; Colamaio et al. 2015). Higher levels of expression of CARM1 (PRMT4) have been reported in breast, colorectal, and hormone-dependent prostate tumors (Cheung et al. 2007; Kim et al. 2010). Expression of G9a (EHMT2) was dramatically increased in colorectal tumor tissues and overexpression was correlated with tumor differentiation and tumor relapse (Qin et al. 2018). Overexpression of EHMT2 has also been reported in other cancers (Casciello et al. 2015). HAT1 (KAT1), a H3K9 acetyltransferase, is involved in several biological functions, including DNA damage repair, cell proliferation, and glucose metabolism. Dysregulation of HAT1 is implicated in various diseases, including cancer (Poziello et al. 2021). Histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) functions as an oncogene in a variety of cancers (Ma et al. 2019). In non-small cell lung cancer patients, it was found that high HDAC9 expression correlated with worse overall survival and poor prognosis.
Altered long non-coding RNAs expression in normal and diseased primary human airway epithelial cells exposed to diesel exhaust particles
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2023
C. M. Sabbir Ahmed, Alexa Canchola, Biplab Paul, Md Rubaiat Nurul Alam, Ying-Hsuan Lin
In NHBE cells, lncRNAs NUTM2B-AS1 (NUTM2B antisense RNA 1) (log2FC = 6.15, FDR value = 3.38E-02) and OTUD6B-AS1 (OTUD6B antisense RNA 1) were both found to be upregulated (log2FC = 5.66, FDR value = 1.53E-03). In our analyses, lncRNA NUTM2B-AS1 was found to be associated with four genes, including ASH1L (ASH1 Like Histone Lysine Methyltransferase), IFT172 (Intraflagellar Transport 172), BMP1 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1), PBXIP1 (PBX Homeobox Interacting Protein 1) (Figure 5). Downregulation of IFT172 has been linked to dysfunction of intraflagellar transport machinery and maintenance of cilia length seen in COPD (Hessel et al. 2014), suggesting that DEP exposure may be a risk factor for COPD development. In addition, lncRNA AC069234.2 has the opposite interaction with MYO5A (Myosin VA), MAP4K4, and MLEC (Malectin) genes (Figure 5). Previous studies reported that downregulation of MAP4K4 results in induction of apoptosis (Liu et al. 2011). MYO5A has been reported to be remarkably upregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and cells (Liang et al. 2020), while upregulation of MLEC (Malectin) has been linked to colorectal cancer (Mao et al. 2020). On the other hand, the ACVR1 (Activin A Receptor Type 1) gene was downregulated together with lncRNA AC069234.2 in our study (Figure 5). Increased expression of ACVR1 has been linked to decreased survival in a large cohort of 227 hepatocellular carcinoma cases (Li et al. 2015). Furthermore, CANX (Calnexin) is detected in high abundance in breast cancer patients at both primary and metastatic stages (Moradpoor et al. 2020), and high CANX expression has been linked to a worse survival rate for breast cancer patients (Geng et al. 2019). Our study found that lncRNA OTUD6B-AS1 was upregulated whereas CANX gene was downregulated (Figure 5). Thus, overexpression of lncRNA OTUD6B-AS1 in NHBE cells may provide protective functions for maintaining cellular homeostasis.