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Tyrothricin
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Tyrothricin is an antibiotic peptide complex produced and extracted from the aerobic gram-positive bacterium Brevibacillus parabrevis, which was previously categorized as Bacillus brevis and Bacillus aneurinolyticus. This complex is a mixture comprised of 60% tyrocidine cationic cyclic decapeptides (consisting largely of the six predominant tyrocidines, TrcA/A1, TrcB/B1, TrcC/C1, and other more minor contributors) and 40% neutral linear gramicidins (where valine-gramicidin A is often the major gramicidin present). Tyrothricin possesses broad spectrum gram-positive antibacterial and antifungal activity. The antibiotic mixture is very toxic to blood, liver, kidneys, meninges, and the olfactory apparatus, but is sometimes used topically in sore throat medications and in agents for the healing of infected superficial and small-area wounds (1).
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Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Tyrothricin First commercially produced antibiotic obtained from the soil bacterium, Bacillus brevis. Discovered in 1939 by French-born American bacteriologist René Jules Dubos (1901–1982) of the Rockefeller University, NewYork.
History of cosmetic microbiology
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2006
Janet C. Curry, Daniel K. Brannan, Philip A. Geis
The 1930s also saw major microbiological advances in the medical field. The introduction of the sulfa drugs was the first advance in chemotherapy since Ehrlich’s arsenical treatment of syphilis 50 years earlier. Dubos also discovered tyrothricin, a mixture of two polypeptides — tyrocidine and gramicidin — from the Bacillus brevis soil microorganism. Tyrothricin was the first combination antibiotic produced commercially and employed clinically. Gramicidin proved to be the most useful. Dubos used it to cure his first patient, Elsie, the Borden cow, after she contracted mastitis at the 1939 World’s Fair in New York City. The 1930s represent the dawn of the antibiotic era.
Evaluation of the antileishmanial effect of polyclonal antibodies and cationic antimicrobial peptides
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2023
Mahsa Esmaeilifallah, Hossein Khanahmad, Zahra Ghayour, Sedighe Saberi, Reza Kalantari, Seyed Hossein Hejazi
AMPs showed to prevent pathogen proliferation in the skin lesions and improve wound healing by modulating cell migration, chemotaxis, cytokine release, and angiogenesis. Most FDA-approved skin peptides are developed as topical applications, such as tyrothricin, bacitracin, and gramicidin [32], and some are currently in clinical trials, for example, LL37 for hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers, omiganan for the therapy of rosacea, and severe inflammatory acne vulgaris or pexiganan cream for diabetic foot infection [33]. Using an MTT assay, the effect of different AMPs, including cathelicidins, cecropins, defensins, dermaseptin, eumenitin, histatin, magainin, melittin, and temporin, has been evaluated against Leishmania promastigotes [8,34].
Acne vulgaris: new evidence in pathogenesis and future modalities of treatment
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Tyrothricin, produced by Bacillus brevis, is a polypeptide antibiotic substance consisting of two cyclic decapeptides, gramicidin S (22%) and tyrocidine A (78%). Both peptides have broad bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria due to intercalation of the peptides into bacterial membranes. The efficacy and tolerability of topical tyrothricin 0.1% in acne are being evaluated (2013-001716-30) (56).