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Rodenticides
Published in Frank A. Barile, Barile’s Clinical Toxicology, 2019
Squill contains many digoxin-like cardioactive glycosides, of which scillaren A, scillaren B, and proscillaridin A (Figure 30.3)† comprise most of the glycoside fraction. The compounds possess emetic, cardiotonic, and diuretic properties and were at one time ingredients of cough preparations (Cosanyl®). Scillaren and other cardioactive glycosides (strophanthin) were officially recognized for years and considered efficacious, but their unreliable therapeutic stability and variable effects caused them to lose their clinical utility to the digitalis derivatives. Poisoning due to accidental or intentional ingestion of rodenticides containing scillaren compounds is uncommon.Structure of proscillaridin A, a glycosidic constituent of red squill. Note the similarity of proscillaridin A, the active component of red squill, to the cardiac glycoside digoxin (Figure 21.3).
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Contains glucoscillaren A (scillarenin + rhamnose + 2 glucose), scillaren A (scillarenin + rhamnose + glucose), proscillaridin A (scillarenin + rhamnose), scillaridin A, scillig-laucoside, scilliphaeoside, glucoscilliphaeoside, scillicyanoside, scillicoeloside, scillazuro-side, scillicryptoside.20 Flavonoids (dihydroquercitin, dihydroquercitin-4’-monoglucoside, isoorientin, isovitexin, orientin, quercitin, scoparin, taxifolin, vitexin) and stigmasterol are also reported. Phytosterol and calcium oxalate also present.
In vitro Anti-colorectal Cancer Potential of the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum Imazeki in Hyperglycemic Condition: Impact on Oxidative Stress, Cell Cycle and Apoptosis
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Meng-Fei Lau, Kek-Heng Chua, Vikineswary Sabaratnam, Umah Rani Kuppusamy
Ganoderma neo-japonicum Imazeki, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus.1:37 (1939) is a well-known medicinal mushroom distributed across several Asian countries such as China, Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. In Malaysia, it is decocted as a traditional remedy for several illnesses like asthma, epilepsy, fever, and joint pain (11). Scientifically, this polypore was demonstrated to protect hepatotoxic injury in CCl4-treated rats (12). Thenceforth, its therapeutic outcomes have been investigated extensively. It stimulates neurite outgrowth (13), enhances immune defense (14), supports DNA repair (15), and promotes adipogenesis (16). It has also been employed for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles against breast cancer (17). Our recent study further revealed that G. neo-japonicum exerts significant inhibitory effects on CRC cells (18). We had identified the constituents in two active fractions, namely Hex and Chl, isolated from the ethanolic crude extract. The phytochemical analysis showed that Hex fraction predominantly contains sterol compounds (e.g. ergosterol, lanosterol, and stellasterol), whereas Chl fraction has an abundance of terpenoids (e.g. cucurbitacin, ganoderic acid, proscillaridin) (18).
Bersaldegenin-1,3,5-orthoacetate induces caspase-independent cell death, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in human cervical cancer HeLa cells
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Justyna Stefanowicz-Hajduk, Magdalena Gucwa, Barbara Moniuszko-Szajwaj, Anna Stochmal, Anna Kawiak, J. Renata Ochocka
The compounds have been used from ancient times as medicines in cardiac dysfunction due to their strong effect on the heart. Nowadays, they are well-known as inhibitors of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump and cause increase in the contractile force of the heart (Kamboj et al. 2013). Furthermore, they alter myocardial ion balance and increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration (Melero et al. 2000; Schoner & Scheiner-Bobis 2007; Kolodziejczyk-Czepas & Stochmal 2017). Among other pharmacological properties, bufadienolides have also antiviral, antibacterial, insecticidal, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities (Kamboj et al. 2013). Recently, the compounds have been investigated for cytotoxic and anticancer properties in normal and cancer cell lines (Gao et al. 2011; Han et al. 2016). The results indicate that this group of compounds causes significant inhibition of cell growth, proliferation and induction of cell death. For example, Iguchi et al. isolated bufadienolides from Helleborus foetidus L. and showed their cytotoxicity against leukaemia (HL-60) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines (Iguchi et al. 2020). Proscillaridin A revealed antitumor effects on glioblastoma cells, but not on normal cells – astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (Berges et al. 2018). Next, cinobufagin was tested on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The compound inhibited cell growth and triggered apoptosis by affecting the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in the cells (Zhu et al. 2018). Arenobufagin also reduced viability of MCF-7 cells and induced apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner (Deng et al. 2018).
Immune senescence in non-small cell lung cancer management: therapeutic relevance, biomarkers, and mitigating approaches
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2022
Teodora Alexa-Stratulat, Mariana Pavel-Tanasa, Vlad-Andrei Cianga, Sabina Antoniu
Cardiac glycosides such as proscillaridin A, ouabain or digoxin were demonstrated to kill A549 lung cancer in which senescence was induced after bleomycin exposure and are also considered as potential senolytic in lung fibrosis [139]. These molecules were also found to inhibit the migration of lung cancer cells and the consequent metastasis development [140].