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Metals
Published in Frank A. Barile, Barile’s Clinical Toxicology, 2019
Anirudh J. Chintalapati, Frank A. Barile
Industrially, Fe is used in powder metallurgy and as a catalyst in chemical reactions. Steel is one of the most important alloys of iron and is incorporated into construction materials. Ferric ferrocyanide, a dark blue, amorphous solid formed by the reaction of potassium ferrocyanide with a ferric salt (Prussian blue), is used as a pigment in paint and in laundry bluing. Potassium ferricyanide (red prussiate of potash) is obtained from ferrous ferricyanide (Turnbull’s blue) and is integrated into blueprint paper.
G
Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Gmelin, Leopold (1788–1853) German chemist and son of Johann Frederick Gmelin (1748–1805). He was professor of medicine and chemistry at Heidelberg, where he discovered potassium ferricyanide (Gmelin salt) in 1822. He coined the terms ‘ester’ and ‘ketone’ in organic chemistry.
The Production of Superoxide by Cultured Macrophages
Published in Robert A. Greenwald, CRC Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research, 2018
This conversion depends upon the assumption that the cytochrome c in the blank is fully oxidized and, therefore, that the observed OD represents the absorbance of only the reduced product (a ΔOD, reduced – oxidized). This assumption can be tested by fully oxidizing the reagent cytochrome c in solution with a few milligrams of potassium ferricyanide, by fully reducing the cytochrome c with a few milligrams of sodium dithionite, and by comparing the OD550 of the untreated, oxidized, and reduced solutions against that of water. We have found that 98 to 99% of the ferricytochrome c in fresh solutions of high-quality reagents is oxidized and, therefore, for routine purposes do not adjust for the state of oxidation of our material.
A sensitive electrochemical immunosensor based on poly(2-aminobenzylamine) film modified screen-printed carbon electrode for label-free detection of human immunoglobulin G
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Thitirat Putnin, Watthanachai Jumpathong, Rawiwan Laocharoensuk, Jaroon Jakmunee, Kontad Ounnunkad
All the reagents used were analytical grade. 2-Aminobenzylamine, immunoglobulin G in human serum, anti-immunoglobulin G antibody and L-cysteine were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). 1-Ethyl-3–(3-dimethylamino-propyl)carbodiimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dehydrate (NaH2PO4·2H2O), ascorbic acid and blocking chemical, bovine serum albumin were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) trihydrate (K4[Fe(CN)6]·3H2O) was ordered from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were purchased from Lab Scan (Gliwice, Poland). Di-sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (Na2HPO4·2H2O) were purchased from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain) while uric acid was purchased from Hopkin&Williams (Surrey, UK). In addition, phosphate-buffered saline tablets (pH 7.4) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Furthermore, glucose was purchased from Fluka (Switzerland). Deionized water was used throughout this study. Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric measurements were performed using a conventional three-electrode electrochemical cell driven by μAutolab type II Potentiostat/Galvanostat (Metrohm Siam Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand). The reference electrode was an Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) electrode while a platinum wire and screen-printed carbon-based electrodes were used as an auxiliary electrode and working electrodes, respectively.
Modulation of Advanced Glycation End Products, Sorbitol, and Aldose Reductase by Hydroalcohol Extract of Lagenaria siceraria Mol Standl in Diabetic Complications: An In Vitro Approach
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2018
The Fe3+-reducing power of LHA was determined according to the following method. Different concentrations of sample (2.5 ml) were mixed with 2.5 ml of 0.2M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.6) and 2.5 ml of 1% potassium ferricyanide and incubated at 50°C for 20 minutes. After incubation, 2.5 ml of 10% trichloroacetic acid (w/v) was added and the mixture centrifuged at 1,000 rpm for 8 minutes. The supernatant (5 ml) was mixed with 5 ml of distilled water and 1 ml of 0.1% of ferric chloride; the absorbance was measured spectrophotometrically at 700 nm. The assay was carried out in triplicate and the results expressed as mean values ± standard deviations. Ascorbic acid was used as positive control. The sample concentration providing 0.5 of absorbance (EC50) was calculated from Figure 5 plotted between absorbance at 700 nm against sample concentration (Oyaizu, 1986).
Preparation and evaluation of a chitosan-coated antioxidant liposome containing vitamin C and folic acid
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2018
Zhen Jiao, Xiudong Wang, Yuting Yin, Jingxin Xia, Yanan Mei
FRAP of samples was determined according to the method described elsewhere with a slight modification (Tan et al. 2014). Briefly, 1 ml of potassium ferricyanide (2.5%, w/v) was mixed with 1 ml of liposomes sample and then incubated at 50 °C for 20 min. The added liposomes samples were kept the same total drug amount. After that, 5 ml of trichloroacetic acid (10%, w/v) was added to the mixture and then the solution was filtered (0.45 μm, Titan, Shanghai, China). Then, 2 ml of the obtained supernatant was mixed with 0.5 ml FeCl3 (0.1%, w/v) and 2 ml of distilled water. After incubation for 10 min, the absorption spectrum of the sample was measured by the spectrophotometer (UV-2450, Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) at 700 nm. At the same time, potassium ferricyanide was replaced by distilled water to form the blank solution. The larger absorbance of the sample means the higher reducing power.