China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Viral Infections in Asthma
Published in Jonathan A. Bernstein, Mark L. Levy, Clinical Asthma, 2014
Microorganisms are known to live inside and on the skin of humans (microbiota), and the collective genomes of these microbiota (microbiome) and the emerging evidence suggest that the composition of individual microbiomes may mediate the risk of diseases including asthma2 (see also Chapter 27). A study by Bisgaard et al. suggests that early colonization (at age 1 month) with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis was associated with an increased risk of asthma at age 5.65 Similar studies in older children and adults have shown that Haemophilus spp. and other microorganisms (including members of the Comamonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Oxalobacteraceae families) correlate with asthma, lung function, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Albeit distant from the bronchial tree, gut microbiota may also direct a Th2 immune response leading to allergy and asthma.2
Bacterial extracellular vesicles in biofluids as potential diagnostic biomarkers
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
Kar-Yan Su, Jie-Yi Koh Kok, Yie-Wei Chua, Shearn-Dior Ong, Hooi Leng Ser, Priyia Pusparajah, Pui San Saw, Bey Hing Goh, Wai-Leng Lee
Moreover, Lee et al. [13] studied the plasma BEVs as a diagnostic marker for BTC and cholangitis. In the study, a total of 155 subjects were enrolled: 88 HC, 24 diagnosed BTC, and 43 cholangitis (benign inflammation of the biliary system). The BEVs were isolated using differential centrifugation described by a previous study [21]. Similarly, a boiling method was included to optimize the BEVs isolation protocol. The extracellular DNA was then extracted from the BEVs. Instead of the entire 16S rRNA gene, the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene was used for sequencing analysis to trace back the origin of BEVs. In the study, the compositional differences between Bifidobacteriaceae and Pseudomonaceae families as well as Corynebacteriaceae Corynebacterium, Oxalobacteraceae Ralstonia, and Comamonadaceae Comamonas species between patients BTC and HC were established through a beta diversity analysis, suggesting a potential diagnostic model for BTC. However, this study failed to identify a significant difference in microbiota composition between cholangitis patients and BTC patients.
Biofilm diversity, structure and matrix seasonality in a full-scale cooling tower
Published in Biofouling, 2018
L. Di Gregorio, R. Congestri, V. Tandoi, T. R. Neu, S. Rossetti, F. Di Pippo
Detailed analysis of the NGS data (Figure 8) showed that in winter, source community 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated to Betaproteobacteria accounted for 67.7%, comprising mainly the genus Herminiimonas (52.6%) in the family Oxalobacteraceae, which includes arsenite oxidising species, whereas members of the family Comamonadaceae (12.7% of the total) consisted mainly of the genera Hydrogenophaga (4.9%) and Limnohabitans (4.9%). Among the Alphaproteobacteria (24.4%), the Sphingomonadaceae predominated (17.5%), with sequences affiliated to Sphingobium sp. (11.9%).
Timing of antimicrobial prophylaxis for cesarean section is critical for gut microbiome development in term born infants
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Verena Bossung, Mariia Lupatsii, Lkhagvademberel Dashdorj, Oronzo Tassiello, Sinje Jonassen, Julia Pagel, Martin Demmert, Ellinor Anna Wolf, Achim Rody, Silvio Waschina, Simon Graspeuntner, Jan Rupp, Christoph Härtel
In our cohort, the greatest differences in microbial composition and significant changes in diversity between the study groups were present during the first days of life. Here, the impact on beta-diversity was correlated with the cefuroxime levels which are more slowly eliminated in neonates than in adults.13 Numerous indicator species, e.g., Cytophagaceae, Lactobacilaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, were assigned to the control group. These skin microbiome-related species29,44 and taxa have been previously linked to infectious and inflammatory diseases45 which may translate into an early acquisition of a microbial risk signature. On the contrary, the indicator family Lachnospiraceae in the intervention group is associated with protection against Clostridium difficile infection46 and decreased risk of asthma and intestinal permeability in neonates.43,47 Furthermore, the functional potential of the microbiome may be critically influenced by timing antimicrobial prophylaxis. Of special interest appears the putative presence of genes in C. acnes encoding for the utilization of 2-fucosyllactose, a major human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) in combination with the observation that the abundance of C. acnes is higher in meconium samples from the control group compared to the intervention group. The presence of HMOs in human milk has important anti-infective properties and stimulates the immune system. HMOs are the main energy source of early infant gut colonizing Bifidobacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis), which helps to outcompete pathogenic bacteria. Bifidobacteria produce immune-stabilizing short chain fatty acids from HMOs and are therefore a candidate for probiotic supplementation.48 Hence, increased early degradation of such HMOs in the control group by bacteria other than from the genus Bifidobacterium may decrease the functional capacity of the microbiome and hamper the engraftment of beneficial Bifidobacteria. In addition, the differential pathway abundance analysis also showed a higher frequency of pathways involved in amino acid metabolism in the control group. This observation further suggests that the timing of antimicrobial prophylaxis has a strong impact on the capacity of the gut microbiome to utilize nutrients from the milk diet.