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Methods of Rhythm Measurement
Published in Sue Binkley, Biological Clocks, 2020
Neurospora, which is a bread mold, has served the science of genetics. It has rhythms of sporulation that can be observed in a “race tube.” Growth medium is fixed to one side of a foot-long glass tube about 3/4 inch in diameter. Neurospora are added at one end. As the mold grows down the tube, it displays peach-colored bands of sporulation at daily intervals. If Neurospora is grown in a Petri dish, the daily sporulations appear as rings.
Mitochondrial DNAs and Phylogenetic Relationships
Published in S. K. Dutta, DNA Systematics, 2019
That there is a degree of sequence or structural homology in these introns suggests that they may have a common and probably ancient origin. The latter theory is further supported by the observation that the intron located in A. nidulans apocytochrome b gene has exactly the same splice points as the third intron in the S. cerevisiae gene,115,119 and the third intron of A. nidulans cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene similarly has the same splice points as the second intron in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene.120,121 In spite of this, studies of closely related strains or species in Saccharomyces, Neurospora, and Aspergillus show there to be polymorphism in genome structure due to the presence or absence of introns or combinations of introns. This has led to the concept of the “optional intron”. In yeast short and long forms of the genes coding for cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and for apocytochrome b have been described, with the differences in the lengths of the genes being due to the presence or absence of five optional introns in the cytochrome oxidase gene, and three in the apocytochrome b gene.122,122–126 A similar situation exists between the three Neurospora species, crassa, sitophila, and intermedia and also between independent isolates of crassa.116
Microorganisms, Plants, and Lower Animals
Published in Stephen P. Coburn, The Chemistry and Metabolism of 4′-Deoxypyridoxine, 2018
Rabinowitz and Snell402 found complete inhibition of Neurospora sitophila 209 in the presence of 100 ng pyridoxine per milliliter by 100 gg deoxypyridoxine per milliliter. Wagner-Jauregg and Fischer536 obtained 50% inhibition of Neurospora sitophila with 100 gg deoxypyridoxine/ml in a medium of unspecified B6 content. Agolini and Cali-ari4 also examined the effect of deoxypyridoxine in Neurospora sitophila, but we have not yet seen the original article.
Immunosuppression in the Management of Presumed Non-infective Uveitis; Are We Sure What We are Treating? Notes on the Antimicrobial Properties of the Systemic Immunosuppressants
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2020
Ciclosporin A (CsA, cyclosporine) is a cyclic peptide originally isolated from a newly-discovered fungus (Tolypocladium inflatum) in 1971, during investigations at Sandoz into potential new antibiotics. Initially, CsA was found to be active only against Neurospora crassa (an Ascomycete mould, not known to be pathogenic in humans and coincidentally, widely used as a laboratory organism in fungal genetics studies) and Rhodotorula rubra,(an environmentally widespread Basidiomycete yeast which can be a human pathogen in the immunosuppressed). No antibacterial activity was discovered. However, later it was discovered that calcineurin is necessary for Cryptococcus neoformans metabolism at human body temperature, and subsequently that both CsA and FK506 were effective antifungals against this organism.16 It transpires that calcineurin inhibition is the mechanism of both T-cell immunosuppression and most antifungal activity.17 Ciclosporin is now also known to be active against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in a murine model.18
LET dependence on killing effect and mutagenicity in the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2018
Liqiu Ma, Yusuke Kazama, Tomonari Hirano, Ryouhei Morita, Shuuitsu Tanaka, Tomoko Abe, Shin Hatakeyama
We have previously reported about the cytotoxicity and mutagenesis induced by C-ion irradiation in the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa (Ma et al. 2013). Interestingly, the mutation types induced by C-ion in N. crassa were clearly different from those in budding yeast, even although these two organisms belong to the same phylum Ascomycota. We speculate that this difference may be owing to the repair system, HR or cNHEJ, whichever is functionally predominant in each organism. Contrary to that observed in yeast, where HR functions preferentially (Letavayova et al. 2006), both the repair systems equally act to process DSBs in Neurospora (Ninomiya et al. 2004; Ma et al. 2013). Based on these characteristics, information on mutagenesis in Neurospora may be helpful in breeding commercially important filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus oryzae and Trichoderma sp., or for producing mutants of disease-inducing fungi for pathogenesis study.