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Radiofrequency Ablation of Lung Tumors
Published in Phillip M. Boiselle, Charles S. White, New Techniques in Cardiothoracic Imaging, 2007
Amita Sharma, Jo-Anne O. Shepard
The ideal electrode permits a maximal diameter of coagulation necrosis in a reproducible and safe manner. Early studies have evaluated the optimum needle gauge and exposed tip length in order to maximize ablation diameters and maintain reproducibility and safety (20).
Special electrodes for demanding cochlear conditions
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Anandhan Dhanasingh, Ingeborg Hochmair
The CC malformation was first described by Edward Cock [15] in 1838 as a disruption in the differentiation of inner ear structures during the fourth and fifth week of gestation [16]. Figure 10(A,B) show samples of normal cochlear anatomy, and of the classic CC, respectively. The CC is seen without complex intracochlear neural structures, and instead, it is only filled with cochlear fluid. Neural elements are likely laying in the walls of the cavity, and therefore an ideal electrode array placement would be along the cavity wall. Cochlear aplasia (absence of cochlea) with a dilated vestibular cavity is the result of developmental arrest in the third week of gestation [15]. This type of vestibular cavity with an evident absence of the cochlear portion is often mistakenly considered as CC, as shown in Figure 10(C) [17]. Placing a straight electrode array inside a classic CC or in a dilated vestibular cavity with cochlear aplasia carries the risk of electrode entering the wide IAC, as shown in Figure 10(D).
EAS-Combined electric and acoustic stimulation
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Anandhan Dhanasingh, Ingeborg Hochmair
In all previously combined EAS implantations, the STANDARD electrode was inserted to accommodate only eight channels intracochlearly, leaving the four basal channels extracochlearly and at the time, MED-EL CI device was used as an off-label device in EAS implantations. To have an ideal electrode array choice for the EAS solution, MED-EL developed FLEX24™ electrode array with 24 mm length, and with apical five channels in a single-channel configuration, as illustrated in Figure 8. In comparison – the STANDARD electrode array has all twelve channels in a double-lined configuration.
Impact of cochlear tonotopy on electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs)
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2019
Florian Christov, Michael B Gluth, Stefan Hans, Stephan Lang, Diana Arweiler-Harbeck
Different electrode types seem to have characteristic tNRT tonotopic patterns. This gives valuable information for developing the “ideal” electrode and also facilitates the mapping process of the CI and in particular the mapping procedure in prelingually deafened children. Furthermore, the data set shows the average tonotopic tNRT distribution of two commonly used electrode arrays and serves as reference for surgeons and audiologists.