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Africa
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Hair and nail disorders
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
Patients with a solitary patch or few patches usually do not need treatment. When the patches coalesce to become a problem cosmetically or when there is alopecia totalis, treatment is often required by patients. Intradermal injections of potent corticosteroids (typically 10 mg/mL triamcinolone) are the most effective therapy, although overuse may lead to skin atrophy. It is reasonable to inject the affected skin at 1 cm intervals, and, if necessary, repeat after a period of 3 weeks. Other less effective treatments include potent topical steroids or systemic steroids; photochemotherapy with longwave ultraviolet irradiation (PUVA); dithranol; and allergic sensitization with diphencyprone. Even topical minoxidil has been claimed to be partially successful. All of the preceding have inconvenient side effects and usually work only while they are being given. Allergic sensitization with 1% diphencyprone causes an eczematous response and ‘kicks’ the follicles back to life in about half the patients. Some patients, having experienced the side effects and frustration of the lack of efficacy of the treatments, decide to cut their losses and disguise their disability with a wig. Sympathy and support are the most useful tools for this depressing disorder.
Depigmenting Agents
Published in Vineet Relhan, Vijay Kumar Garg, Sneha Ghunawat, Khushbu Mahajan, Comprehensive Textbook on Vitiligo, 2020
Topical application of diphencyprone (DPCP) when used for the treatment of alopecia areata was found to produce depigmentation as part of its side effect profile. Duhra and Foulds [37] reported a case of alopecia totalis in which DPCP treatment resulted in appearance of hypopigmented patches that remained unchanged for 2 years after discontinuing DPCP therapy. Electron microscopy and incubation with dopa in the affected skin revealed an absence of melanosomes and melanocytes. DPCP-induced vitiligo is rare and may represent a Koebner phenomenon in predisposed individuals. Vitiligo can develop even with DPCP concentrations as low as 0.0001% [37].
Disorders of hair and nails
Published in Ronald Marks, Richard Motley, Common Skin Diseases, 2019
Allergic sensitization with 1 per cent diphencyprone causes an eczematous response and ‘kicks’ the follicles back to life in about half the patients and is quite often used. Some patients, having experienced the side effects and frustration of the lack of efficacy of the treatments, decide to cut their losses and disguise their disability with a wig. Sympathy and support are the most useful applications for this depressing disorder.
Immunomodulatory effects of topical diphencyprone for the treatment of acute urban cutaneous leishmaniasis
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Yalda Nahidi, Vahid Mashayekhi Goyonlo, Pouran Layegh, Faezeh Taghavi, Mona Najaf Najafi
Diphencyprone is a potent contact sensitizer that has been successfully used in several studies for immunotherapy of cutaneous disorders. Its therapeutic role is mostly related to induction of hypersensitivity and activating Th1 response through contact with skin, though the exact mechanisms are still unknown. It ostensibly controls cytokine secretion, gene expression, and cellular apoptosis through T-cell mediated pathways (15,21,22). Therefore, we hypothesized that it might be a good choice in combinative treatment of CL, which is closely linked to T-cell mediated immunity.