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Paper 1
Published in Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman, nMRCGP Applied Knowledge Test Study Guide, 2021
Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman
Which one of the following statements is not true? Beta blockers are less effective than Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors at reducing blood pressure.Angiotensin II receptor antagonists are associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction.Evidence suggests that home blood-pressure monitoring is not to be encouraged.Treating hypertension with a combination of a beta blocker and a diuretic can increase the risk of a patient developing diabetes.Statins are to be used in patients with a 10-year cardiovascular risk >20%.
Hypertension
Published in Clive Handler, Gerry Coghlan, Marie-Anne Essam, Preventing Cardiovascular Disease in Primary Care, 2018
Clive Handler, Gerry Coghlan, Marie-Anne Essam
β-blockers are no longer recommended for initial treatment of hypertension. They are used in young patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors or angiotensin-II receptor antagonists, and in women of child-bearing age. In these circumstances, a calcium-channel blocker should be added to the β-blocker.
Hypertension
Published in Clive Handler, Gerry Coghlan, Nick Brown, Management of Cardiac Problems in Primary Care, 2018
Clive Handler, Gerry Coghlan, Nick Brown
β-blockers are no longer recommended for initial treatment of hypertension. They are used in young patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors or angiotensin-II receptor antagonists, and in women of childbearing age. In these circumstances, a calcium-channel blocker should be added to the β-blocker.
Herb–drug interaction: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-hypertensive drug amlodipine besylate in presence of Lepidium sativum and Curcuma longa
Published in Xenobiotica, 2022
Mohd Aftab Alam, Yousef A. Bin Jardan, Mohammad Raish, Abdullah M. Al-Mohizea, Abdul Ahad, Fahad I. Al-Jenoobi
Hypertension is wide spread in different population groups and one of the leading causes of deaths. Aggravated uncontrolled persistent hypertension may cause other cardiovascular diseases like heart attack, coronary artery disease, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and several other diseases like vision loss, dementia and kidney diseases. The therapeutic agents from different classes such as: calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers are commonly used for the management of hypertension. Many a times, these medicaments are prescribed in combination with another antihypertensive or other therapeutic agent which is useful as co-medicament for management of hypertension. In the situations where monotherapy is not able to control the blood pressure (BP), then dual or triple therapy is prescribed and it is the well-established therapeutics protocol to use more than one medicament to manage the hypertension (Alkaabi et al. 2019; Lu et al. 2019; Salam et al. 2019; Simon and Dézsi 2019; Volpe et al. 2019). Numerous studies indicate that co-administering herbs or natural remedies (traditional medicines) with allopathic medicines is beneficial for the treatment of hypertension (He et al. 2000; Gong et al. 2010; Li et al. 2010; Xu et al. 2013; Wu and Dong 2015).
Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts no-reflow phenomenon after primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2022
Kerim Esenboğa, Alparslan Kurtul, Yakup Yunus Yamantürk, Türkan Seda Tan, Durmuş Eralp Tutar
Perioperative essential medications followed clinical guidelines [3]. The application of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor antagonist, beta blockers and statins, and the types and doses were determined by the coronary intensive care cardiologists according to the patient’s condition. The use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors was planned by the operator according to the patient’s clinical condition. The use of other peri-procedural medications such as intracoronary nitroglycerine and adenosine was also left to the discretion of the operator. All echocardiographic measurements were made within 24 h after the procedures, using a GE ViVidE7 ultrasound machine (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, USA) with a 3.5-MHz transducer. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured using the Simpson method according to the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography.
Correlation of left ventricular longitudinal strain and E/e’ ratio in primary hypertension patients
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2021
Dan Zhou, Yingling Zhou, Songtao Tang, Yingqing Feng
Clinical characteristics of the whole population and after stratification by E/e’ ratio are presented in Table 1. Normal E/e’ ratio (E/e’<8),evaluated E/e’ ratio (E/e’>14) and uncertain E/e’ ratio (8 ≤ E/e’≤14) were observed in 68(32.3%),71(33.8%), 71(33.8%) patients, respectively. Smoking was present in 50 patients (22.6%), diabetes in 31 patients (14%). No differences in sex, BMI, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure levels, and duration of hypertension were observed between patients. Patients with elevated E/e’ ratio showed older, lower diastolic blood pressure, higher waist-to-hip ratio. Most used antihypertensive medications in the overall population were angiotensin II receptor antagonists (47.1%), calcium antagonists (46.6%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (13.1%), beta-blockers (9.5%) and diuretics (4.5%). Patients with elevated E/e’ ratio had high proportion of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.