China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Hearing Tests
Published in Raymond W Clarke, Diseases of the Ear, Nose & Throat in Children, 2023
In a visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) test, sounds of different frequencies and loudness are presented. When the child hears the sound, they turn their head and a ‘reward’ such as a flashing toy is activated. These tests require a trained and skilled audiometrician and a sound-proofed test room. Incorporating a test into a game that the child learns and enjoys – putting men in a wooden boat in response to a sound stimulus (play audiometry) – may be appropriate for toddlers and preschool children who are not old enough for pure-tone audiometry.
Hearing Aids for the Pediatric Population
Published in Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba, Mark Krumm, Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science, 2020
Katia de Almeida, Maria Cecíli Martinelli
If intervention occurs, as recommended, before six months of life, the main assessment information will be provided by the following tests: auditory steady-state response (ASSR), auditory brainstem response (ABR), otoacoustic emissions (OAE), and acoustic immittance plus behavioral observation data. from this age, it is possible to perform visual reinforcement audiometry, whose results will be analyzed together with the electro-physiological evaluation data, since children with hearing loss, especially those with the greatest deficits, may not present the expected developmental patterns, making it difficult to obtain valid behavioral information.
Balance Disorders in Children
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Louisa Murdin, Gavin A.J. Morrison
Audiometry is mandatory. This should comprise a pure tone audiogram or alternative threshold assessment, such as visual reinforcement audiometry, if the child’s age or development demands it. Objective testing with brainstem auditory-evoked responses may be indicated. Tympanometry should also be undertaken.
Longitudinal assessment of listening skills in UK infants with hearing aids using the LittlEARS® auditory questionnaire
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2023
Anisa Sadru Visram, Suzanne Carolyn Purdy, Jack Kelly, Kevin James Munro
The clinics from which the infants were recruited provided hearing assessment details, that is, results from the infants’ Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR), Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA) and tympanometry. From the infant audiograms, a best-estimate of the better-ear four-frequency average (4FA, averaged over 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) hearing threshold was made, using interpolated results where necessary. Where no response was seen at machine limits, the threshold was recorded as maximum level tested plus 15 dB. Where infants had flat tympanograms at the time of completing the second LEAQ, the best-estimate 4FA was made using audiograms obtained when the child also had flat tympanograms. Seventy percent of infants showed a bilateral pass on tympanograms at the early time point compared to 53% at the later time point.
HiRes ultra series cochlear implant field recall: failure rates and early outcomes
Published in Cochlear Implants International, 2023
Arianna Winchester, Emily Kay-Rivest, David R. Friedmann, Sean O. McMenomey, William H. Shapiro, J. Thomas Roland Jr., Susan Waltzman, Daniel Jethanamest
In adults, monosyllabic word recognition score using the Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) word set and AzBio sentence-in-quiet (SIQ) scores were used.6,7 Pre-operative testing in children between six months to two years of age included visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) or behavioral observation audiometry (BOA). In older children, conditioned play audiometry (CPA) was used. Developmental and age-appropriate speech discrimination tests were also performed. Children able to complete speech testing were assessed with the Phonetically Balanced Kindergarten (PBK) open set of monosyllabic words or the Multisyllabic Lexical Neighborhood test (MLNT), another open set test that has been reported to be more reliable in CI users.8–10 When available, these data were collected for the revised side pre-revision, defined as any score documented after recognition of failure or performance decline but before revision surgery, and post-revision. Data and subsequent analysis was last updated in September 2021. Averages of pure tone audiometry (PTA), speech scores, and SIQ at all three timepoints were performed and compared against one another using two-tailed t-tests.
Acoustic component programming in children with cochlear implants using electrocochleography
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2022
Smita Agrawal, Sarah Coulthurst, Alison Nachman, Kanthaiah Koka, Michael Murray
Appropriate and adequate fitting of acoustic and electric parameters are important for optimising EAS benefit. The acoustic cut-off or cross-over frequency is one key parameter that can affect speech perception outcomes and device use significantly (Yoon et al. 2019; Gifford et al. 2017). The acoustic cut-off frequency is often determined using the unaided acoustic (audiometric) thresholds in the implanted ear. Based on the age and abilities of the child, audiologists utilise a mix of behavioural techniques like Behavioural Response Audiometry, Visual Reinforcement Audiometry and Conditioned Play Audiometry to measure audiometric thresholds (Nielsen and Olsen 1997). Measurement of reliable and valid acoustic thresholds via these behavioural thresholds can be challenging and time consuming. Test fatigue in the paediatric population can be high with tasks that require compliance and can deplete their attention for CI programming processes. The need to switch rooms or test environment can also affect the children’s ability to attend or focus. Reducing the need to move between the sound-booth and programing room can help ensure a smooth clinical workflow with children. Children with developmental delays or other challenges further add to the difficulty of obtaining accurate behavioural thresholds for fitting, potentially impacting optimal EAS outcomes.