China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Positional Traumatic and Restraint Asphyxia
Published in Burkhard Madea, Asphyxiation, Suffocation,and Neck Pressure Deaths, 2020
In every case of positional asphyxia, physical stress/panic-induced catecholamine release with subsequent arrhythmias may also contribute to the occurrence of death. These effects may be aggravated by the alcoholization frequently found in the victims of positional asphyxia [15]. Alcohol was shown to decrease total peripheral resistance, arterial blood pressure, heart rate and myocardial contractility. Furthermore, an increased endogenous catecholamine response and (supra)ventricular arrhythmias were observed. At the least, alcohol may depress the respiratory centre in the brain stem and relax the muscles, in particular the genioglossal muscle which draws the tongue forward during inspiration and prevents its lapse into the pharynx [1]. According to Schoenmackers’ concept of death due to abnormal stress exposure (‘critical stress’) [22], death occurs if the capacity of the organism is overburdened (i.e. the individual capacity limit is exceeded). If the organism is already impaired by other independent pre-existing factors, the primary stress level is elevated to a secondary stress level. As a consequence, a comparably lower additional stress exposure exceeds the capacity limit and causes the death of the individual. In positional asphyxia, the primary stress level of a healthy individual may be markedly elevated by pre-existing medical conditions, alcohol or drugs, and positional asphyxia is the final crucial impact exceeding the critical capacity limit [15,21].
Tough Conversations, Well-being, Engagement
Published in William Steele, Reducing Compassion Fatigue, Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout, 2019
The website of NCTSN (2018) states the following about organizational response to secondary stress, “Individual and supervisory awareness of the effects of this indirect trauma exposure is a basic part of protecting the health of the worker and ensuring that children consistently receive the best possible care from those who are committed to helping them.”
Courses of family care
Published in Tor Inge Romoren, Last Years of Long Lives, 2004
Secondary stress factors are factors that are affected by the caregiving responsibilities, but really belong to some other area of NOP's life. Pearlin's notion is that secondary stress factors arise when the primary factors reproduce themselves (stress proliferation). They can also be objective (for example, problems and conflicts connected with NOP's occupation, economic situation, or other family members that result directly or indirectly from NOP's caregiving work) or they can be subjective (for example, reduced self-respect). The secondary stress factors do not necessarily affect the caregiving situation to a lesser degree than the primary ones. The secondary factors also affect NOP's caregiving work, but like all the other stress factors, they, too, can be modified or buffered.
Turkish version of life balance inventory: Validity, reliability, and cultural adaptation study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2023
Özgü İnal, Sevilay Karahan, Kathleen Matuska
In another study investigating the relationships between life balance, lived experience of life balance, and quality of life among nurse educators, it has been shown that there is a significant connection between the professional quality of life and life balance. The results of the study have suggested that the educators have more compassion satisfaction when they have a better life balance. In line with expectations, the study has also found a strong negative correlation between secondary stress and burnout and all life balance scores. The participants had experienced less burnout and secondary stress in each category where there was a stronger perception of life balance and compassion satisfaction [36]. Considering the results of the current study and the previous literature, we can suggest that the high life balance of individuals positively affects the concepts related to general health status (e.g. quality of life), while reducing negative conditions, such as depression and stress.
Therapy-related stress in parents of children with a physical disability: a specific concept within the construct of parental stress
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2021
Laura W. M. E. Beckers, Rob J. E. M. Smeets, Jan J. W. van der Burg
All aforementioned contributors, together with the intended and adverse effects, determine the perception of therapy by the parent. This is in line with Raina et al. [17,18], who acknowledge perception of formal care in relation to caregiver strain. In accordance with De Brock [12], the subsequent components of the process of therapy-related parental stress are subjective stress experience by the parent, functioning and health of the parent, parental behaviour, and development of the child, respectively. Since the development of the child may influence the course of therapy, the process is regarded cyclic. The perception of therapy results in the subjective stress experience, which can be psychological and/or physical, as described by De Brock [12]. The subjective stress experience, i.e., primary stress response, influences the secondary stress response, which includes the functioning and health of the parent (again psychological and/or physical). Health is included on the basis of Raina et al.’s model [17,18]. Together, the subjective stress experience and the change of functioning and health of the parent constitute the therapy-related parental stress. This successively affects parental behaviour, and development of the child (functioning and behaviour).
Legacy environmental polychlorinated biphenyl contamination attenuates the acute stress response in a cartilaginous fish, the Round Stingray
Published in Stress, 2019
Kady Lyons, Katherine E. Wynne-Edwards
Cartilaginous fishes, or elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays), as predators, tend to accumulate high levels of PCB contaminants (Fisk, Tittlemier, Pranschke, & Norstrom, 2002; Mull et al., 2013). However, the potential relationship between contaminant exposure and stress response impairment has not been closely examined due to the difficulty in quantifying the primary stress response in this taxon. Elasmobranchs, unlike other fishes, uniquely produce the corticosteroid 1α-OH-corticosterone as their primary interrenal stress steroid (Anderson, 2012; Idler & Truscott, 1966). However, chemical synthesis of 1α-OH-corticosterone has proven difficult, resulting in the absence of a purified calibration standard. To circumvent this analytical challenge, studies have focused on the secondary stress response (i.e. changes in plasma glucose and ions; Hoffmayer, Hendon, & Parsons, 2012; Manire, Hueter, Hull, & Spieler, 2001; Marshall et al., 2012) and on post-capture survivorship (Skomal & Mandelman, 2012). The potential for sublethal effects of legacy PCB-exposure on the stress response in elasmobranchs has not been explored.