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Hearing Loss/Presbycusis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Conductive hearing loss is a mechanical problem and occurs when structures cannot properly transmit sounds from the ear canal to the inner ear (cochlea) (e.g., due to wax buildup in the ears, fluid from infections or allergies, otosclerosis, cholesteatoma, and scarring).
Cranial Neuropathies I, V, and VII–XII
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Abnormalities in the auditory pathways manifest as hearing impairment. Sensorineural hearing loss is a deficit caused by a lesion at the level of the cochlea or CN VIII. Conductive hearing loss is due to a dysfunction in transmission of sound to the cochlea (in the external or middle ear).
Common otology viva topics
Published in Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar, Advanced ENT Training, 2019
Temporal bone fractures can be associated with conductive hearing loss or mixed sensorineural hearing loss. Otic capsule disrupting fractures cause severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss that is often immediately apparent. Otic capsule sparing fractures can manifest as both sensorineural hearing loss or conductive hearing loss. Conductive hearing loss are caused initially by haemotympanum or effusion, and permanent deficits are caused by disruption of ossicular chain. The most common ossicular chain injuries include subluxation of the incudostapedial joint, dislocation of incus and fracture of stapes crura. Middle ear exploration and ossicular chain reconstruction are considered when a conductive hearing loss persists for more than 2 months post injury. Alternatives to tympanoplasty and ossiculoplasty surgery include air conduction aids, bone conduction devices or CROS aids (in single-sided deafness).
The advantages of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials induced by bone-conducted vibration in patients with otitis media
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2022
Ying Cheng, Qing Zhang, Yuzhong Zhang, Zichen Chen, Weijun Ma, Min Xu
Our study included 50 patients with otitis media who volunteered for the VEMPs examination when presenting in our department. Among them, 30 patients were diagnosed with single-side conductive deafness. This group included 16 males and 34 females, with an average age of 47 years old (range 15–70 years old). All patients underwent the following examinations for the assessment of disease severity: pure-tone audiometry; acoustic immittance measurements; otoscopy; and temporal bone computed tomography examination; as well as assessments of otoacoustic emissions and the auditory brainstem response. For patients to be included in the study, the diagnosis of otitis media had to conform to the criteria for the clinical and surgical classification of otitis media published in China in 2012 [9]. In addition, the characteristic of the patient’s hearing loss had to conform to the criteria for conductive hearing loss. The exclusion criteria were: history of head trauma, ear surgery, hypertension, diabetes, neurological disease, treatment with ototoxic drugs; and mixed or sensorineural deafness.
Current status data with two competing risks and missing failure types: a parametric approach
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2022
This section illustrates the proposed methodology using a data set on hearing loss collected from Ali Yavar Jung National Institute of Speech and Hearing Disabilities, Eastern Regional Center [1]. Hearing loss is more common than most people realize that can develop at any age and can be caused by many different factors. It can be categorized into three general different types depending on which part of the ear is affected: (i) Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common type and occurs when there is a problem with the sensory and/or neural structures in the inner ear, (ii) Conductive hearing loss occurs when there are obstructions in the outer or middle ear, and, finally, (iii) Mixed hearing loss is the presence of both sensorineural and conductive hearing loss. In addition to some irreversible hearing loss caused by a problem with the inner ear, there is also an issue with the outer or middle ear, which makes the hearing loss worse [4, p37].
Development of a public audiology service in Southern Malawi: profile of patients across two years
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2021
Bhavisha Parmar, Mwanaisha Phiri, Courtney Caron, Tess Bright, Wakisa Mulwafu
There are also some limitations. Firstly, there is a potential underestimation of conductive hearing loss present in this study. Occluding ear wax is removed prior to hearing testing and patients with flat tympanograms, indicating presence of middle ear effusion, are immediately referred to ENT to be administered with medical treatment. Therefore, those with possible conductive hearing loss associated with middle ear effusion and/or wax impaction are not recorded in the clinical database. Another limitation is the database is incomplete; fields including patient’s residential location and type of assessment carried out were not completed for all patients included in this study. The data presented here provides a snapshot of the management options administered to patients after the initial diagnosis, including the fitting of hearing aids. However, it does not capture patients’ hearing aid usage and progress. Future research should include the use of outcome measures of hearing aid benefit and analysis of the long-term impact of audiology services in LMICs. Finally, formal impact and process evaluations of QECH Audiology services could help to understand what worked well and why, in order to help others to implement similar programmes.