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Published in Andrew Schofield, Paul Schofield, The Complete SAQ Study Guide, 2019
Andrew Schofield, Paul Schofield
A range of blood tests is offered on the booking visit at usually 9-11 weeks’ gestation. An ultrasound scan is offered to confirm gestation and viability and will diagnose multiple pregnancy if present. It can also be used for screening for chromosomal abnormality, i.e. nuchal translucency. The triple test can be used in conjunction with nuchal translucency and the blood test is usually done between 15 and 20 weeks’ gestation.
Fertility and pregnancy testing
Published in Michael McGhee, A Guide to Laboratory Investigations, 2019
The triple testThe serum AFP level, together with levels of unconjugated oestriol and HCG, is expressed as a multiple of the median level for a normal pregnancy of the same gestation. A computer-assisted interpretation of the result also takes into account the mother’s age.Information required by the laboratory includes: gestational age, preferably based on a scanmaternal weightprevious history of neural-tube defect or Down’s syndromehistory of twin pregnancy or insulin-dependent diabetes in current pregnancy.The triple test is positive in 1 in 250 tests. This represents a 58% detection rate (for Down’s syndrome) overall, or an 89% rate for mothers over the age of 37 years.The test is of limited value because of its low specificity and sensitivity.
Fetal counseling for surgical malformations
Published in Prem Puri, Newborn Surgery, 2017
Interest in detecting circulating fetal cells in maternal blood for diagnostic purposes has grown since the advent of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The observation of high levels of AFP in amniotic fluid of pregnancies complicated by open neural tube defects (NTDs) popularized this test.1 However, with increasing accuracy of US diagnosis, maternal serum screening of AFP solely for identification of NTDs cannot be justified. The more popular maternal serum screening test is the triple test (human chorionic gonadotrophin [HCG], AFP, estrogen) used in combination with the nuchal scan.
Relations between second-trimester aneuploidy screening results and prediction of labour induction success in term pregnancies
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Gokhan Karakoc, Mert Turgal, Hasan Eroglu, Caner Cakir, And Yavuz, Aykan Yucel
The comparison of the maternal serum levels (MoM) of alpha fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin and oestriol at the time of triple test revealed no statistically significant differences with regard to AFP (p = .595) and HCG (p = .840) MoM values between the vaginal delivery and caesarean section groups, but there was a significant difference maternal serum oestriol MoM values between the two groups (p < .001; Table 1). We showed that the maternal serum oestriol MoM level was significantly lower in the caesarean section group compared to the vaginal delivery group (p < .001). Nevertheless, such a difference was not detected in the balloon dilatation group (p < .064; Table 2). Besides, oestriol MoM values in the intrauterine growth restriction group (0.88 ± 0.23) was statistically similar others (0.82 ± 0.21; p = .166).
A retrospective exploratory study of fetal genetic invasive procedures at a University Hospital
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018
Chitra Andrew, Teena Koshy, Shivani Gopal, Solomon Franklin Durairaj Paul
Until recently, screening in India was confined to women over an arbitrary age limit of 35–37. In 1988, the triple test was introduced as a screening test for Down’s syndrome for all willing women. This was an important milestone, considering that only 20% of infants with Down’s syndrome were born to women older than 35 years. In addition, tests that have been shown to increase the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities while maintaining a low false-positive rate, like the first trimester screening (FTS), have emerged. Nevertheless, despite the fact that India has one of the world’s highest birth rates, there is still no public health care policy for prenatal invasive testing. Moreover, due to a lack of government aided healthcare or support for children with development or intellectual disabilities and the legal cut-off of 20 weeks for termination of pregnancy, many couples do not opt for these procedures and testing.
Determinants associated with making prenatal screening decisions in a national study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2019
Shelly Bakst, Orly Romano-Zelekha, Jenny Ostrovsky, Tamy Shohat
Women were then asked about engagement behaviours of the prenatal tests, these included: the triple marker screen test (also known as triple test) at 15–20 gestational weeks; nuchal translucency measurement at 11.3–13.6 weeks; and ultrasound (second trimester) screening at 14–16 weeks. These were given special consideration on the premise of reflecting the most common non-invasive tests as provided by Israel’s National Health Insurance Policy and financed by Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) or accompanying medical insurance. Each test was rated as positive ‘yes’ (underwent testing) or negative ‘no’ (declined a testing). Details of the National Health Insurance and the genetic tests offered can be found elsewhere (Romano-Zelekha et al. 2014).