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Hard Cases for Defenders of Abortion
Published in Christopher Kaczor, The Ethics of Abortion, 2023
It is important to distinguish this principle from what Harman calls the Mother's Intention Principle which states that “an early fetus has some moral status if and only if the woman pregnant with it is planning to carry it to term” (1999, p. 318). This principle likewise can secure the two intuitions in question: wanted fetuses have moral worth; unwanted fetuses lack moral worth. However, as Harman points out, imagine a woman intent on getting an abortion. Her friend talks her out of having an abortion, but then the next day, she changes her mind back again. At the abortion clinic door, she decides at the last moment against going into the clinic. The next week she returns and has the abortion. Harman rejects the Mother's Intention Principle because in this view the same fetus would lack moral worth, then have it, lack it again, and then have it again, only to lose it again.
Abortion in the 1980s: feminist morality and women's health1
Published in Ellen Lewin, Virginia Olesen, Women, Health, and Healing, 2022
Even those hospitals which do provide abortion services tend still to require costly inpatient procedures (although the vacuum-aspiration technique is decidedly cheaper and safer in early stages of pregnancy). They frequently fail to provide counseling or birth-control services and sustain costs ranging from one and a half to two times as high as those charged by private clinics. In fact, the total participation of United States hospitals in providing abortion services has declined absolutely since 1977 and relatively in the years between 1973 and 1977; whereas all of the growth in abortion-service providers must be attributed to freestanding abortion clinics, which provide three-fifths (6:10) of all the abortions in the United States (Forrest, Tietze, and Sullivan 1978:276-79; Lindheim 1979: 283).
Legal and Ethical Problems in Clinical Research*
Published in Gary M. Matoren, The Clinical Research Process in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 2020
Robert J. Levine, Angela R. Holder
Consider, for example, research designed to determine whether a drug administered to a pregnant woman crosses the placental barrier. If it does, it may conceivably damage the fetus. If the fetus is aborted within a few days, it is not likely that any harm will have been done. On the other hand, if the fetus is brought to term, there might be lifelong disability. Therefore, Lebacqz reasons that the risk to the fetus should be calculated by multiplying the risk of harm were it to be carried to term by the probability that the woman will change her mind about the abortion and carry it to term. Since less than 1% of women change their minds after they have contacted an abortion clinic, the risk to a fetus-about-to-be-aborted is about 1% that presented by the same procedure to a fetus-going-to-term. On this basis Lebacqz concludes: "justice requires that fetuses to be carried to term not be subjected to some experiments which might be done on fetuses scheduled for abortion."
Analysing the context and characteristics of legal abortion and comprehensive post-abortion care among adolescents aged 10–14 in a network of sentinel centres in Latin America: a retrospective cross-sectional study, 2016–2020
Published in Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 2023
Caitlin R. Williams, M. Valeria Bahamondes, Rodolfo Gómez Ponce de León, Helymar da Costa Machado, Luis Bahamondes, Sonja Caffe, Suzanne Jacob Serruya
Coordinated by the Pan American Health Organization’s Latin American Center for Perinatology/Women’s Health and Reproductive Health (CLAP-SMR), the CLAP MUSA Network (acronym for Women in Abortion Situations in Spanish) represents a regional effort to improve reproductive health. The term “abortion situations” is an intentionally broad umbrella that encompasses the full range of abortion experiences, whether spontaneous or induced, legal or clandestine, safe or unsafe. The CLAP MUSA Network consists of 40 sentinel centres across 16 LAC countries.16 Some centres are public hospitals while others are private abortion clinics, depending on the country. Sentinel centres in the CLAP MUSA Network provide legal abortion (under the grounds permitted by the country’s legal framework) and post-abortion care (regardless of the type or cause of abortion).
Medical abortion ratios and gender equality in Europe: an ecological correlation study
Published in Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 2021
A few countries do not fit the pattern of higher gender equality coupled with a higher MA ratio. Such outliers include Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands, which demonstrate relatively high gender equality but low MA ratios. Some explanations may be found in the fact that the three countries require a mandatory waiting (or “cooling-off”) period between a first counselling consultation and the abortion itself. Additionally, in Germany and Belgium, there is still a high level of stigma and access problems surrounding abortion in general, as well as a lack of training of the medical personnel in modern (i.e. medical) abortion techniques.38 In the Netherlands, a high reliance for service delivery on specialised abortion clinics equipped for early surgical abortion may explain the persistence of the predominance of this procedure.39
The option to look: patient-centred pregnancy tissue viewing at independent abortion clinics in the United States
Published in Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 2020
Independent abortion clinics, defined as freestanding community-based facilities separate from national family planning healthcare centres (like Planned Parenthood), perform two-thirds of all abortions in the United States.24 Many independent clinics have long embraced centring the patient in the medical process, which includes expanding education and counselling services as well as involving the patient in all clinical decision-making.25 The fetal development guides for US abortion providers in the 1990s were created at an independent clinic in Ohio and are thought to be the only pro-choice images of aborted fetal tissue by gestation in existence.26 Most people can only learn about what aborted fetal tissue looks like through anti-abortion imagery and misinformation.27,28 Inside the clinic may be the only place where accurate information about aborted fetal tissue can be shared between patients and providers.