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Infection prevention and control
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
It is evident that the general population requires a basic knowledge of hygiene and infection control, including handwashing to reduce their susceptibility to infection. The health promotion messages utilised by the UK Government during the COVID-19 pandemic centred on the importance of hand hygiene and environmental cleanliness as ways to avoid infection (see https://www.gov.uk/coronavirus for further information). Now that James has an infected wound, the community nurse for learning disabilities should check that he has the cognitive ability and physical dexterity to look after his wound in between dressing changes and knows when and how to carry out handwashing. The nurse should demonstrate an effective handwashing technique to James and ensure he can carry this out. She could provide pictures of the different stages in handwashing as an aide-memoire. Good handwashing can help to reduce the risk of infection being transferred to other sites in his body or prevent reinfection. James’s Health Action Plan should include this information and the other care interventions associated with his leg wound, documenting the role of the different professionals involved in his care.
Digital and Personalized Healthcare System for COVID-19 and Future Pandemics
Published in Ram Shringar Raw, Vishal Jain, Sanjoy Das, Meenakshi Sharma, Pandemic Detection and Analysis Through Smart Computing Technologies, 2022
Today, numerous technological developments in electronics and information technology (IT) are evolving our modern life rapidly. These new technologies give academics, physicians, and patients a wide range of new opportunities and challenges. The new IoT and AI platforms are promising technologies in the health sector. IoT has been widely used to interconnect available medical devices and sensors that allow patients to monitor their medical conditions in real-time and doctors to manage their patients’ health effectively and remotely. The ultimate objective of achieving high-quality practices depends on combining information received from heterogeneous sources efficiently and exchanging data while also protecting their security and confidentiality. Powerful data tools evaluate valuable information and have the potential of providing descriptive and personalized visualization of patients. Since, patients show varied symptoms, as clearly seen in COVID-19 patients, it becomes important to detect patients’ risk of infection on an individual basis.
Prelabor rupture of the membranes
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Roberto Romero, Lami Yeo, Francesca Gotsch, Eleazar Soto, Sonia S. Hassan, Juan Pedro Kusanovic, Ray Bahado-Singh
The initial evaluation of a patient with preterm PROM includes (i) accurate assessment of gestational age, (ii) estimation of fetal weight and presentation, (iii) evaluation of the risk of infection, (iv) determination of lung maturity, (v) assessment of fetal well-being, and (vi) exclusion of occult cord prolapse.
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk factors in a cohort of close contacts
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2022
Iván Martínez-Baz, Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín, Cristina Burgui, Itziar Casado, Jesús Castilla
In the present study, some socio-demographic characteristics were associated to the risk of infection. Immigrants showed higher infectivity and susceptibility, and close contacts with very low- or low-income levels were also associated to increased susceptibility. Possible explanations of these findings are their more frequent work as caregivers or in other socially exposed activities, the greater number of cohabitants, and worse access to preventive measures and early diagnosis [6]. Killerby et al. have suggested a higher susceptibility related to ethnicity [23]. Regardless of the explanation, specific interventions are urgently needed to reduce this excess risk. Although differences in transmission by country of origin are possible, most immigrants in the region are from Latin America (59%) and Africa (28%).
Disciplining sexual and reproductive behaviour of tuberculosis patients in Bangladesh: a mixed method study exploring divergent messages
Published in Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 2022
Mrittika Barua, Francien van Driel
It is crucial to note here, however, that it can be challenging to achieve correctness and consistency in information when there is already confusion in the guidelines, as well as in the literature, regarding how long a person remains infectious after beginning treatment.19 While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one of the top-level international organisations that work with tuberculosis, deems the infectious period to be two to three weeks,27 another study states that the infectious period may extend beyond this duration.28 The difficulty in determining a definite period of infectiousness is that the conversion of sputum from positive to negative takes place differently in different people.29 If the sputum test is the indicator for infectiousness, then this information should appear consistently in all documents and be disseminated to all patients. Since the treatment duration is long, it should also be assured that patients are informed if they are no longer infectious, as this would affect how soon an infected person can go back to close physical contact with other household members without putting them at risk of infection.
Tips and tricks in the management of inflatable penile prosthesis infection: A review
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2021
Scott C. Brimley, Ayad Yousif, Joseph Kim, Wayne J.G. Hellstrom
Most device infection is due to device contamination at the time of implantation. S. epidermidis, a common skin flora, is the primary culprit implicated in device infection. The introduction of prosthetic coating is gradually changing the microbes found in infected IPPs, trending toward more systemic responses and purulent wounds [3]. Gross et al. [27] conducted a multi-institutional study from 25 centres that obtained cultures at the time of explantation or salvage. The study revealed 73% and 39% of cultures were positive for gram-positive and -negative bacteria, respectively. S. aureus was encountered in nearly a third of positive cultures and Candida species was present in 11.1% of positive cultures. Anaerobes were found in 10.5% of cultures. Men with factors that increase the risk of infection should be treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungals [28].