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Biogeneration of Volatile Organic Compounds in Microalgae-Based Systems
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Pricila Nass Pinheiro, Karem Rodrigues Vieira, Andriéli Borges Santos, Eduardo Jacob-Lopes, Leila Queiroz Zepka
Volatile organic compounds generated by microalgae with commercial appeal include 3-methyl-butanol, hexanol, hexanal, β-cyclocitral, and β-ionone (Smith et al. 2010; Santos et al. 2016b). Due to their low odor thresholds aldehydes are important VOCs generated by microalgae because they contribute with desirable aromas as well as rancid odors and flavors. Saturated aldehydes have a green-like, hay-like, paper-like odor, whereas unsaturated aldehydes have a fatty, oily, frying odor (Santos et al. 2016a; Hosoglu 2018).
Therapeutic Medicinal Mushroom (Ganoderma Lucidum): A Review of Bioactive Compounds and their Applications
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Plant- and Marine-Based Phytochemicals for Human Health, 2018
Chen et al. (2010) using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GCMS) enabled detection of fifty-eight volatile compounds in G. lucidum mycelium. The main volatile flavor compounds included 1-octen-3-ol, ethanol, hexanal, 1-hexanol, sesquirosefuran, 3-octanol, and 3-octanone.23 Similar chromatographic technology (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to detect volatile aroma compounds in G. lucidum from Turkey. They detected acids, alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, L-Alanine, D-Alanine, 3-Methyl, 2-Butanamine, 2-Propanamine, and identified 1-Octen-3-ol and 3-Methyl butanal as the major aroma compounds.151 C-19 fatty acids were also detected in the ethanolic extract of G. lucidum spores by Gao and coworkers.35 During their research, 2-naphthyl esters of nonadecanoic and cis-9-nonadecenoic acids isolated by multiple column chromatography and preparative HPLC and characterized by 1Hand 13C-NMR and MS spectral data from the G. lucidum spores were identified as the bioactive constituents responsible for the antitumor activity.35
Insight into Knapsack Metabolite Ecology Database: A Comprehensive Source of Species: Voc-Biological Activity Relationships
Published in Raquel Cumeras, Xavier Correig, Volatile organic compound analysis in biomedical diagnosis applications, 2018
Azian Azamimi Abdullah, M.D. Altaf-Ul-Amin, Shigehiko Kanaya
Conventional agricultural industry relies on a wide use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. However, increased demand for organic products shows that consumers prefer reduced chemical use. Therefore, a novel sustainable agriculture needs to be developed for crop protection and prevention from using harmful chemicals. VOCs emitted by bacteria and fungi might have the potential as an alternative to the use of chemical pesticides to protect plants from pests and pathogens (Kanchiswamy et al., 2015a). It is because VOCs released by some rhizobacteria can enhance plant growth as well as inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. For example, acetoin and 2,3-butanediol released by rhizobacteria were found to promote the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings (Kai et al., 2016). A number of frequently emitted VOCs such as hexanal and 2-E-hexenal show antifungal activity and have been developed as an alternative to synthetic chemicals (Ayseli and Ayseli, 2016). Chemical ecologists also consider microbial VOCs as potential signaling molecules or semiochemicals that function as attractants and repellents to insects and other invertebrates. Pheromone traps are VOC based equipment for controlling pests without using harmful pesticides. In this strategy, pest insects may be diverted away from high-value crops using attractants, while simultaneously being repelled from high-value crops with repellents. Furthermore, natural enemies of insect pests, which are predators and parasitoids, may be simultaneously attracted making the use of semiochemicals a much more viable integrated management strategy than broad-spectrum chemical insecticides. For agriculture scientists, microbial VOCs are seen as biocontrol agents to control various phytopathogens and as biofertilizers for plant growth promotion (Kanchiswamy et al., 2015b). These examples indicate that the VOCs might have a potential impact on crop welfare and sustainable agriculture.
Intake of New Zealand Blackcurrant Powder Affects Skin-Borne Volatile Organic Compounds in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2022
M. E. T. Willems, M. Todaka, M. Banic, M. D. Cook, Y. Sekine
Five skin VOCs (four with moderate and one with large effect size) showed a trend for change with intake of NZBC powder. Isovaleraldehyde, also known as 3-methylbutanal, has been shown in vitro that its formation is by interaction between human leucocyte antigen and skin microflora, and it suggested to contribute body odor (Savelev et al. 2008). Isovaleraldehyde was decreased by intake of NZBC powder. A trend for a decrease was also observed for hexanal. In general, hexanal is a product of lipid oxidation (Frankel 1980), and the skin VOC hexanal is the consequence of oxidation of human skin lipids. Hexanal is also taken as an oxidative stress marker in exhaled breath VOC in workers exposed to silica (Jalali et al. 2016). Therefore, it is possible that the intake of NZBC powder reduced lipid peroxidation of fatty acids in the sebaceous glands. 2-pentanone was reduced with intake of NZBC powder and just as benzaldehyde which is also a VOC released by muscle cells (Mochalski et al. 2014). The implications of a decrease in isovaleraldehyde, hexanal, and 2-pentanone by intake of NZBC powder are not clear. Two skin VOCs, heptanoic acid and γ-nonanolactone, showed a trend for an increase by intake of NZBC powder, with the implications also not clear.
Production of rice bran oil (Oryza sativa L.) microparticles by spray drying taking advantage of the technological properties of cereal co-products
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Nathan H. Noguera, Dyana C. Lima, José Claudio Klier Monteiro Filho, Rodney A. F. Rodrigues
There are several reactional mechanisms of lipid oxidation, generally divided into initiation, propagation, and termination phases. Thus, one of the linoleic acid oxidation pathways can be described as follows: a hydrogen is abstracted from the pentadiene system of linoleic acid, producing the alkyl radical (L •), which combines with oxygen (O2) to form the pexoryl radical (LOO •); then, the peroxyl radical is attacked by another hydrogen, producing 13-hydroperoxide (LOOH), which has its O–OH bond fissioned, resulting in the alkoxyl radical (LO •); finally, β-cleavage occurs at the acid terminal of the alkoxyl radical, producing the hexanal as the main final product (Damodaran and Parkin 2017). Hexanal is considered one of the most volatile and the easiest to detect by gas chromatography/headspace. In advance, unlike most authors, our results indicated that particles with higher surface oil content were the ones that presented the best stability.