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Falls
Published in Charles M Court-Brown, Margaret M McQueen, Marc F Swiontkowski, David Ring, Susan M Friedman, Andrew D Duckworth, Musculoskeletal Trauma in the Elderly, 2016
Oddom Demontiero, Derek Boersma, Gustavo Duque
A number of falls risk assessment instruments have been developed such as the Downton scale, the Morse Fall Scale (MFS), the St. Thomas Risk Assessment Tool in Falling Elderly Inpatients (STRATIFY), the Tinetti test, the Conley scale, the Hendrich Fall Risk Model (HFRM) and its later version HFRM II. The elements of these scales are described in Table 12.8. However, only the MFS, STRATIFY and HFRM have been validated in multiple studies across different populations.
Dissociations between losses of memory, intelligence and processing speed in old age
Published in Lars-Göran Nilsson, Nobuo Ohta, Dementia and Memory, 2013
There seems no way to resolve this issue if we have to rely solely on behavioural measures of task performance. In contrast, direct measurements of age-related brain changes, even such gross indices as age-related shrinkage of brain volume (ARLBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF) or increases in the numbers of white matter lesions (WML) allow us to estimate what proportion of that part of age-related changes in cognitive abilities that is associated with differences in balance is also associated with gross neurophysiological damage. Rabbitt et al. (2006a) tested 69 individuals aged between 62 and 81 years (mean 73.2, standard deviation 8.1) on the Tinetti test of balance, on three intelligence tests, on two tests of information processing speed and on measures of AALBV and CBF. As might be expected, measures of AALBV and CBF, Tinetti balance sores and intelligence test scores were all significantly but modestly correlated with each other. Balance scores were, as expected, significantly correlated with intelligence test scores. The key finding is this correlation between balance and intelligence was no longer significant if AALBV and CBF were also entered into a regression model. The significant shared variance between intelligence and balance must reflect the fact that the same gross brain changes damage both of them. To this extent, the relationship between declines in balance and intelligence is driven by neurophysiological changes rather than by temporal coincidence of functionally unrelated processes. Balance is therefore a useful marker for the extent of brain changes affecting performance on behavioural tests of cognitive abilities such as intelligence.
Impact of Balance Confidence on Daily Living Activities of Older People with Knee Osteoarthritis with Regard to Balance, Physical Function, Pain, and Quality of Life – A Preliminary Report
Published in Clinical Gerontologist, 2018
Lana Bobić Lucić, Simeon Grazio
The patients from both groups were similar regarding age, gender, height, weight, BMI, duration of knee symptoms, VAS pain scores over the previous week, and the PGA. The participants in the Low-ABC group had a higher EGA (p = .03) as compared to the Moderate/High group. On the contrary, the participants in the Moderate/High-ABC group had lower VAS scores for the effect of pain on ADL (p = .009) and WOMAC standardized total scores (total p < .001), including each subgroup of WOMAC scores (pain p = .004; stiffness p = .006; functional disability p < .001). The scores in all SF-36 scales, except for the role of physical and general health, were lower in the Low-ABC group. No significant between-group differences were found for the Tinetti test, TUG, or the FICSIT-4 score (see Table 2).
The effect of pregabalin treatment on balance and gait in patients with chronic low back pain: a retrospective observational study
Published in Journal of Drug Assessment, 2019
Sibel Çağlar Okur, Meltem Vural, Yasemin Pekin Doğan, Murat Mert, Nil Sayıner Çağlar
Pregabalin plus naproxen sodium medication were administered to Chronic LBP patients having neuropathic pain detected with the DN4 scale. All patients were evaluated before treatment with the Tinetti balance and gait test. The Tinetti test assesses balance and gait in two main categories with 16 questions: The first nine questions are about balance, and the next seven questions are about gait. Scores are calculated as follows: The total score received from the first nine items indicates the balance score, the total score received from the next seven items indicates the gait score, and the sum of the scores for all items indicates the total score. The 16 items represent the totality of the movements made during daily life activities. Scoring is based on observation and defined as follows: 2 points = the specified movement is performed correctly, 1 point = the specified movement is performed with adaptations, 0 points = the inability to perform the specified movement. A total score of 18 or below shows a high risk of falling, a total score between 19 and 24 shows a moderate risk of falling, and a total score of 24 or above shows a low risk of falling14. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a single-item, continuous scale for pain intensity assessment. It is a 10-cm line with endpoints labeled as “no pain at all” on the left and “pain as bad as it could be” on the right. The patient is asked to define his/her pain intensity by putting a mark on the line between the two endpoints. The distance between two endpoints is measured using a ruler to obtain the score. All patients had a standard home exercise program that they were instructed to follow for 30 minutes each day.
The efficacy and feasibility of aquatic physiotherapy for people with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2018
Aan Fleur Terrens, Sze-Ee Soh, Prue Elizabeth Morgan
Balance, which was considered a component of activity limitations, was measured most commonly using the Berg balance scale [17,19,23] and the timed up and go test [17,19,21,23]. The Tinetti test was also used to assess the risk of falls amongst patients [33], whilst Volpe et al. [19] measured the centre of pressure sway area for balance. Other studies used the dynamic gait index [23] and the functional reach test [17], whereas patient subjective questionnaires such as the Activities-specific balance confidence scale, the falls efficacy scale and utilisation of falls diaries were used in the study by Volpe et al. [19].