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Accounting for successes and failures
Published in Tim Scott, Thomas G Rundall, Thomas M Vogt, John Hsu, Jos Aarts, Implementing an Electronic Medical Record System, 2018
Tim Scott, Thomas G Rundall, Thomas M Vogt, John Hsu, Jos Aarts
This approach draws on innovation diffusion theory.64 One insight is that diffusion can occur only if an innovation can be translated into the organisation’s culture.* As we have seen, the voluntarism favoured by Hawaii Kaiser Permanente’s leaders set the tone for its approach to strategic change management, as one administrator describes:
Rethinking movement in health geography
Published in Gavin J. Andrews, Non-Representational Theory & Health, 2018
Second, movement is important to the wider spread of diseases and how, in terms of general prevalence, they move across space and throughout populations. Sabel et al. (2010) note how diffusion theory is used by medical geographers to work out the ‘where and when’ of the spread of disease. Regular contagious diffusion, for example, being spreads outwards smoothly relative to proximity, whilst heirarchical diffusion is spreads outwards with jumps occurring between larger population centres (often through direct transport networks). The spatial representation of this movement often comes in the form of GIS and/or investigative maps of association and understanding showing dot-point analysis, rates analysis and spatio-temporal dynamics (Rican and Salem, 2010).
Communication theory and health promotion
Published in Robin Bunton, Gordon Macdonald, Health Promotion, 2003
This chapter, although ostensibly concerned with communication theory, has focused on innovation-diffusion. This is for two fundamental reasons. First, innovation-diffusion research and theory is a key, if not the key, to more general communication theory. It is at the heart of the basic model outlined in the first paragraph of the chapter. Without an understanding of how and why new ideas and products are communicated through a community or social system over time, the general body of communication theory would be sadly lacking. Second, work around innovation-diffusion theory allows health promotion specialists to borrow ideas and practices so that programmes, projects, ideas, and policies in health promotion can more easily and readily be diffused and adopted by practitioners. These can be on a large scale like the Stanford and North Karelia programme described in Chapter 2 in this book, or they could be on a much more local scale like the introduction of a new teaching pack in a school or the introduction of a ‘trim trail’ in the local community. As professional researchers often plead that good research can be achieved on a low-budget small-scale project, so innovation theory can be adapted to small, locally based programmes. The theory only provides a framework for practice, or, perhaps more importantly and in keeping with the tone of this book, the practice should inform and mould the theory. As mentioned above, innovation-diffusion theory has undergone a paradigm shift that now allows it to take cognizance of social structure. Practitioners working within that social structure have the opportunity to determine the shape and nature of that shift.
“Can I hit that?” Vaping knowledge, attitudes and practices of college students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Sherri Jean Katz, Elisia L. Cohen, Hannah T. Kinzer
More recent work has reassessed the hierarchical assumptions of diffusion theory, focusing on the three core concepts of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP).7,8 While the focus was initially on how knowledge leads to attitudes which leads to behavior, more recently attention has turned to the interrelated “gaps” and acknowledgement of the flexibility in the ordering of these factors.7,9,10 Using the KAP approach, health communication scholars consider the interplay of knowledge, attitudes, and practices in predicting adoption of a particular behavior, such as uptake of pod vaping devices.6–8 Strengths of this approach are the recognition that knowledge and attitude change can also emerge as a result of practice,7,10 and that the action itself can be a socially-situated behavior, such that how and why one engages in a practice is particularly important in understanding its diffusion through the social system.6,7 A theoretical assumption underlying the KAP gaps and processes is that by exploring what people know and do not know about an innovation (knowledge), what evaluative judgements they hold about it (attitudes), and how they engage with it in a socially-landscaped system (practice), researchers can uncover gaps and identify intervention points that may inform message design and policy.7,10
A review of innovation strategies and processes to improve access to AT: Looking ahead to open innovation ecosystems
Published in Assistive Technology, 2021
Catherine Holloway, Dafne Zuleima Morgado Ramirez, Tigmanshu Bhatnagar, Ben Oldfrey, Priya Morjaria, Soikat Ghosh Moulic, Ikenna D. Ebuenyi, Giulia Barbareschi, Fiona Meeks, Jessica Massie, Felipe Ramos-Barajas, Joanne McVeigh, Kyle Keane, George Torrens, P. V.M. Rao, Malcolm MacLachlan, Victoria Austin, Rainer Kattel, Cheryl D Metcalf, Srinivasan Sujatha
The latest Oslo Manual provides a common, inclusive framework for measuring innovation across the economy from government to nonprofit organizations and households. The manual highlights that an innovation must go beyond the imaginary (beyond the formation of an idea), instead, innovation must materialize and be implemented, though it need not be successful. The resulting social and economic impacts of the innovation depend on its diffusion into society (ibid.). Diffusion of a technology happens through communication across various networks (e.g., within production chains, or among users) and is often analyzed using Roger’s Technology Diffusion Theory (Rogers, 1962). When used to analyze AT, the theory found the relative advantage offered by AT and user involvement were key to predicting if a device would be used or discontinued (Riemer-Reiss, 1999).
The Uveitis Patient Passport: A Self-Care Tool
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2020
Heather N. Bailie, Xiaoxuan Liu, Alice Bruynseels, Alastair K. Denniston, Peter Shah, Freda Sii
This study also highlighted key, patient-identified areas for UPP improvement, which could increase UPP uptake and improve self-care. The first area was a need to increase clinician engagement in the UPP. Some participants disengaged from their UPP, as clinicians had not asked to see the UPP or interacted with it within clinic. Furthermore, participants felt that the clinician would not want to engage with the UPP due to the time pressure in clinic. Clinician engagement has also been highlighted as a challenge in implementation of other patient passports and has been described through Roger’s diffusion theory in adopting a new healthcare innovation.12,14,15 One study found significant improvement in patient passport implementation when a team leader was made responsible for educating staff and regularly reviewing their interactions with patients’ passports.16 With this in mind, to address time pressure constraining clinician engagement in the UPP, we will involve our clinical nursing staff in completing the UPP pages alongside patients in future iterations. This would ensure the content is kept relevant for other health professionals to easily extract information in a timely manner, maintaining the UPP’s longevity given the limited number of pages, and to confirm patients understand the medical terms used within the UPP.