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Histological Study in Orthopaedic Animal Research
Published in Yuehuei H. An, Richard J. Friedman, Animal Models in Orthopaedic Research, 2020
Helen E. Gruber, Audrey A. Stasky
As mentioned above, it is important with large specimens to ensure appropriate penetration of the fixative solution. Vacuum should be used at the start of fixation. A vacuum pump attached to a desiccator with inlet and outlet ports provides a simple way to pull a vacuum on bone specimens to ensure adequate penetration of fixative into the tissue. Vacuums should be pulled until bubbles cease to emerge from the specimen. For large specimens, it may be advantageous to let specimens remain in fixative under vacuum for the whole period of fixation. For large specimens, trimming the muscle carefully from the bone aids in penetration. If only the diaphyseal bone is the site of interest, it is helpful to remove the proximal and distal metaphyses, which provides openings for access of fixative to the interior of the diaphysis. A general rule is that the volume of fixative should be at least 10 times that of the volume of the specimen to be fixed.
Anti-microbial and Anti-oxidant Properties of Solvent Extract of Lichen Species Collected from Kodaikanal Hills, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
R. Kalidoss, M. Mariraj, M. Shenbagam, J. Merlin Seles, K. Arun Prasath, N. Rajaprabu, P. Ponmurugan
The crude extract was collected by a solvent extraction procedure. A known measure of 5 g of a lichen sample was packed in a fat free thimble and introduced into the extraction tube. The receiving beaker was transferred with 100–150 mL of petroleum ether and fitted into the apparatus. Water was drained inside the condenser to start the extraction. After siphoning for 6 hours, the power supply was disconnected. The ether extract was transferred to the clean glass dish and concentrated by placing it in a water bath at 103°C for 30 minutes. The concentrate was cooled in a desiccator. The acetone and methanolic extracts of the lichen were collected using the same procedure.
Evaluation of PCL/Chitosan/Nanohydroxyapatite/Tetracycline Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
Published in Naznin Sultana, Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh, Chin Fhong Soon, Tissue Engineering Strategies for Organ Regeneration, 2020
Rashid Bin Mad Jin, Naznin Sultana, Chin Fhong Soon, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
Various concentrations of PCL and chitosan were prepared to identify the suitable blend ratio. In this case, PCL was weighed and dissolved in glacial acetic acid. The solution was stirred using a magnetic stirrer until it had all dissolved. Then, chitosan powder was added to the solution and stirred until the solution became a clear, viscous solution. A hand-held homogenizer (IKA Ultra-Turax, model T25, Germany) was used to homogenize the blends. Following this, the homogenized blend was molded in a capped glass tube. The glass tube was immediately placed in a freezer at –80°C and solidified overnight. The frozen emulsion was transferred to the freeze dryer vessel and lyophilized for 72 hours to remove all the solvent phase. The prepared scaffolds were transferred into a desiccator and kept until evaluation. The same technique was used to incorporate nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) and tetracycline HCL (TCH).
Comparison of properties of dust in alveolar of rats and the workplace
Published in Experimental Lung Research, 2021
Xu Zhang, Zheng Zhang, Peng Wang, Shuyu Xiao, Ke Han, Yali Tang, Heliang Liu, Yuping Bai, Yulan Jin, Jinlong Li, Xiaoming Li, Qingan Xia, Fuhai Shen
We plotted the standard curve of mass and absorbance of alpha-SiO210.00 mg of standard α-SiO2 and 990.00 mg KBr were weighed thoroughly in a dry environment to prepare a mixed sample, which was a 10 μg/mg α-SiO2 working sample. The working samples of 10 μg/mg alpha-SiO2 were weighed at 0 mg, 10 mg, 30 mg, 50 mg, 80 mg, and 100 mg respectively, and KBr was added to 200 mg. The mixture was ground thoroughly in a dry environment and tablets were prepared with a tablet press at 20 kPa for 1 minute. It was put in the desiccator for later use. The wavelength range of 400 cm−1 to 4000 cm−1 was selected, and the absorbance was measured by infrared spectrophotometer. We record the absorbance of the sample at 694 cm−1, 780 cm−1, and 800 cm−1 wavelengths by excel. Then we draw the standard working curves at 694 cm−1, 780 cm−1, and 800 cm−1 wavelengths and obtain the standard curve equation (1).
99mTc-labelled and pH-awakened microbeads entrapping surface-modified lipid nanoparticles for the augmented effect of oxaliplatin in the therapy of colorectal cancer
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2020
Kuldeep Rajpoot, Sunil K. Jain
Eudragit S100-coating of the MBs was carried out as per the procedure reported by Chawla et al. (2012) with slight modifications. Briefly, we prepared a solution of acetone and isopropyl alcohol (1:1). In this solution, Eudragit S-100 (5% (w/v), an enteric polymer) was mixed at room temperature. Then, B-SLN-OP and B-FA-SLN-OP were added to this solution. In addition, a subsequent solution was prepared by adding light liquid paraffin containing Span 80 (2%, v/v) using a magnetic stirrer at speed 1000 rpm. In the last step, the first solution comprising MBs was added in the subsequent solution and then it was stirred to achieve complete evaporation of the solvent. Eventually, the traces of oils existing on the filtered MBs were eradicated using petroleum ether. Thus, enteric-coated MBs (EuB-SLN-OP and EuB-FA-SLN-OP) were collected and dried in the vacuum desiccator for 1 d.
Mucoadhesive films based on gellan gum/pectin blends as potential platform for buccal drug delivery
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Fabíola Garavello Prezotti, Izabel Siedle, Fernanda Isadora Boni, Marlus Chorilli, Ingrid Müller, Beatriz Stringhetti Ferreira Cury
The percentage of liquid uptake (%LU) was evaluated gravimetrically, using simulated saliva without enzymes. For this, sodium chloride (8 g/L), potassium phosphate monobasic (0.19 g/L) and sodium phosphate dibasic (2.38 g/L) were dissolved in distilled water. The pH was adjusted to 6.8 with phosphoric acid and the final solution was stored at 4 °C. This pH value was selected since saliva in healthy state has a pH between 6.0 and 7.5 (Aframian et al. 2006). Each film was cut in 15x15 mm sections and allowed to dry until constant weight in a desiccator containing silica. The films sections were accurately weighed and supported on a wire mesh before to be immersed in 25 mL of simulated saliva (at 36.5 °C). The swollen films were withdrawn from the medium at specific time intervals, the excess liquid was carefully blotted with a filter paper and the film section was reweighed. The tests were performed in triplicate and the liquid uptake was calculated as follows: Wt is the weight of the swollen film section at time t, and W0 is the weight of the dried film section before immersion into the liquid (Akhgari et al. 2006; Abruzzo et al. 2012).