China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Evaluating Discussion Sections
Published in Fred Pyrczak, Maria Tcherni-Buzzeo, Evaluating Research in Academic Journals, 2018
Fred Pyrczak, Maria Tcherni-Buzzeo
The study design is a strength. It utilized a national panel study with 2-year follow-ups spanning 8 years. With it we were able to examine report stability for use, age of onset, and logical consistency for the same youths. Furthermore, this is the first study to examine such measures of stability for marijuana use across nearly a decade of self-reported use. However, although marijuana use is illicit, the findings here would likely vary greatly from that of other illicit drug self-reports.
Inorganic Chemical Pollutants
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
The purpose of the present study was to examine the short-term effects of winter air pollution on the respiratory health of medically diagnosed asthmatic children. They used a panel study, controlling for the lack of independence of daily health outcomes and considering both maintenance and supplementary medications taken by the subjects.
Surveys, longitudinal, cross-sectional and trend studies
Published in Louis Cohen, Lawrence Manion, Keith Morrison, Research Methods in Education, 2017
Louis Cohen, Lawrence Manion, Keith Morrison
In contrast to a cohort study, in a panel study exactly the same individuals are tracked over time. An example of this is the Panel Study of Income Dynamics in the US. Another example from the UK is the ‘7 Up’ study which started in 1964 and tracks a small group of individuals every seven years, yielding insights into social and cultural stratification, reproduction and the self-fulfilling prophecy.
A harmonized protocol for an international multicenter prospective study of nanotechnology workers: the NanoExplore cohort
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2023
Irina Guseva Canu, Ekaterina Plys, Camille Velarde Crézé, Carlos Fito, Nancy B. Hopf, Athena Progiou, Chiara Riganti, Jean-Jacques Sauvain, Giulia Squillacioti, Guillaume Suarez, Pascal Wild, Enrico Bergamaschi
Epidemiological data from human populations specifically exposed to ENMs are currently very limited. A systematic review by Schulte et al. (2019) identified 27 studies in humans exposed to ENMs published over the past 15 years. Eighteen of these 27 studies were cross-sectional, including four studies with no comparison (i.e. non-exposed) group, and a very small sample size (from two to 16 workers), i.e. characteristic of an exploratory, rather than epidemiological study design. Only four research teams conducted repeated measurements of exposure and outcomes, with variable follow-up duration (i.e. 5 months, 12 months, three and four years), usually by adopting a panel study design. Yet, this design is particularly sensitive to attrition (Lugtig and Smith 2019). In studies of ENM workers, the number of participants remaining at the subsequent follow-up drops dramatically and ranges between less than 30% (Ghosh et al. 2017; Kuijpers et al. 2018) and up to 60% (Afshari 2017; Pelclova et al. 2017) of the initial sample. The highest participation rate (85%) at one and two year follow-up was reported by Pelclova et al, (Pelclova et al. 2020), but the study consisted of only 20 exposed workers. Such settings preclude a causal inference analysis, therefore, the evidence on potential health effects of ENM exposure in humans remains limited (Schulte et al. 2019; Gulumian et al. 2016).
‘Maybe this is the place for me:’ a qualitative study examining needs and length of stay in recovery house residents
Published in Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 2022
Dina Chavira, Leonard A. Jason
Several measures were taken during the study design and analytic process to ensure quality and rigor. Yardley’s (2000) four principle criteria (sensitivity to context; commitment and rigor; transparency and coherence; impact and importance) recommended by Smith et al. (2009) were adopted and reflected by the choice of research topic examined and methods employed to answer the research questions (e.g., careful selection of the sample; skillful and in-depth interviewing; systematic, comprehensive analysis of the data going beyond a description of the data to offer an interpretation of what the data mean). Additionally, research staff on the panel study provided regular debriefing and auditing that included checking themes against the data and one another to make certain concepts were well-developed reflections of participant perspectives. A research diary was also kept as an auditing tool that recorded impressions of the data and descriptions of how the analytic process unfolded to maintain consistency of analyses between cases.
The long-term effectiveness of a social norming campaign to reduce high-risk drinking: The Michigan State University experience, 2000–2014
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2021
Larry A. Hembroff, Dennis Martell, Rebecca Allen, Andrew Poole, Karen Clark, Sandi W. Smith
Although this report compared results across multiple surveys over the 15-year time period, 2000-2014, this was not a panel study. Each survey involved a unique sample from the student population of the university. All variables in each survey were measured at the same point in time. As such, which individuals’ drinking behaviors and perceptions of the drinking norms changed cannot be determined. Rather, the results only indicate if there was change in the aggregate from year to year. Furthermore, the questions regarding seeing and believing SN ads were not in the NCHA questionnaire, so linking campaign message dosage and saturation to the findings of trends in the NCHA results is tenuous. Also, the campaign was campus-wide. As such, there is no control group from within the university community against which to compare results to determine if the changes were unique to the group receiving the campaign messages. Some drinking behaviors regarding which the campaign did not message at all or messaged only lightly did not change or got worse, while those that were frequently subject to SN messaging changed in the direction desired. This is persuasive that it was the campaign that was responsible for the changes in perceptions and drinking behaviors, but not nearly so as would be the case if a true randomized control group were included.