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South Africa's Healthcare Systems, Technology and Nursing
Published in Connie White Delaney, Charlotte A. Weaver, Joyce Sensmeier, Lisiane Pruinelli, Patrick Weber, Deborah Trautman, Kedar Mate, Howard Catton, Nursing and Informatics for the 21st Century – Embracing a Digital World, 3rd Edition, Book 1, 2022
Graham Wright, Helen J. Betts, Chrispin Kabuya, Henry Adams
South Africa's private healthcare in the major towns and cities is like the rest of the developed world, including acute, clinic, specialist and general practitioners. However, this healthcare is only available at high and rapidly increasing price levels. As an example, a family of two adults pay around 6,700 Rand (490 US dollars) a month for a mid-range health scheme which is approximately twice the monthly minimum wage. The old person's grant for those over the age of 60 years is 1,890 Rand or 128$ a month. All healthcare professionals in the South African private healthcare market, except nurses, are self-employed, e.g., physicians, physiotherapists.
Neurophysiology of Joints
Published in Verna Wright, Eric L. Radin, Mechanics of Human Joints, 2020
Håkan Johansson, Per Sjölander
Even if there are fewer midrange than end-range units, this does not mean that midrange units have less influence on reflex mechanisms and on position and movement sense. Because of auxiliary structure changes, receptors may also respond differently during active than during passive movements. For example, activity in the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles influences a large fraction of joint afferents running in the posterior articular nerve of the knee joint (84,86). Similar observations were made in the elbow joint (91). It was also observed that human finger afferents respond at extreme positions as well as in midpositions, when the subject holds an object (R. Johansson, personal communication). Nearly all interest has focused on slowly adapting joint receptor afferents, yet Matthews remarked (92) that short phasic bursts of firing during movements may be as relevant as tonic firing for detection of movements.
Measurement Uncertainty in Ultrasonic Exposimetry
Published in Marvin C. Ziskin, Peter A. Lewin, Ultrasonic Exposimetry, 2020
Other estimators of central tendency include the mode, the median, and the midrange. The mode is the value that occurs most frequently. The median is the value of the measurement in the center of a list of all the measurements arranged in order of size. The median is of greatest benefit when the population distribution is heavily skewed, because the arithmetic mean in this case can be very misleading. The midrange is the average of the smallest and largest values, and is sometimes used when the sample is very small and very little is known about the parent population. Whereas the midrange is greatly affected by extreme values in the data, both the mode and median are affected very little, if at all.
Sexual satisfaction improvement in patients seeking sex therapy: evaluative study of the influence of traumas, attachment and therapeutic alliance
Published in Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 2023
Anne-Julie Lafrenaye-Dugas, Martine Hébert, Natacha Godbout
To measure the sexual satisfaction level evolution experienced by the participants between the pretest and post-test, we subtracted the post-test GMSS score by the pretest score, resulting in a range of change scores ranging from -22 to 21 (M = 2.1; SD = 6.6). This score led to dividing the patients into three groups, according to their change score. A mid-range group was first created and comprised patients whose change score ranged between half a rounded standard deviation (i.e., 6.6 being rounded to 7) below and above the mean. This process resulted in a central group situated within the equivalent of the rounded average standard deviation. The other two groups are at the lower and upper poles of the sexual satisfaction change scores (see Table 2 for M and SD). The differences between these three groups in terms of sexual satisfaction levels and evolution are described in Table 2 and Figure 1.
Feasibility testing of a novel prosthetic socket sensor system
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Tonya L. Rich, Greg Voss, Stuart Fairhurst, Mary Matsumoto, Steven Brielmaier, Karl Koester, Theoden I. Netoff, Andrew H. Hansen, John E. Ferguson
Teaching the concept of socket fit and how to adjust the fit for optimal comfort can be difficult for many prosthesis users, especially for caregivers, new users who are unsure what the fit “should” feel like, and experienced users who have a history of a chronically poor fit. By incorporating sensor data when teaching socket fit, the concept of socket fit can become more tangible. The system can be used in either test sockets for training and education or in definitive sockets for long-term use. In regular clinical use, the prosthetist could vertically position the sensor to achieve a mid-range sensor measurement for the “good fit” for each individual user. The system will be “taught” the sensor readings that relate to a “good fit” as instructed by the prosthetist. The sensor system will then use these custom settings for each individual in the field.
Interventions for Women Veterans with Mental Health Care Needs: Findings from a Scoping Review
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2022
Jennifer Orshak, Lacey Alexander, Andrea Gilmore-Bykovskyi, Diane Lauver
In an addition to the literature on women veterans, we have applied a mid-range nursing theory to synthesize factors relevant to women veterans’ care-seeking for mental health care needs. Scholars have suggested that research guided by theory can build scientific knowledge more efficiently than research that is not theory guided (Lor et al., 2017). By applying the TCSB to our review, we present findings about influences on care-seeking conceptually. By reporting our findings on a conceptual level, such as negative feelings about care-seeking, then other researchers could appreciate the relevance of the ideas than if we had summarized findings only on a particular level such as stigma about mental health. In this review, the most common influences on care-seeking were categorized as Affect, that is, women veterans’ feelings (e.g., shame) associated with care-seeking for their mental health needs. In designing future interventions, researchers need to consider assessing the feelings and beliefs of their target populations, such as women veterans, so they can customize their interventions according to their target population’s feelings and beliefs.