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Learning to Collaborate in Development Policy
Published in Evelyn Brister, Robert Frodeman, A Guide to Field Philosophy, 2020
Working on this project was highly collaborative. As a group we worked out the core areas to cover, developed a framework to help systematize the use of behavioral tools in development, and then co-wrote chapters and supplements. We also had an experimental component to this project, and so part of the team developed an extensive set of lab and field experiments that were conducted and discussed in the Report. This was a project with many moving parts, and it required a broad range of skills. This diverse range of skills also brought with it a diverse range of views about how to carry out our work, and so this required a fair amount of deliberation, negotiation, and consensus building. This experience cemented for me the importance of perspective taking and flexibility. While I was nominally brought on board to work on the more academic component on norms, I ended up working more on some of the applied topic areas, and the policy process component.
Evaluating Experimental Procedures
Published in Fred Pyrczak, Maria Tcherni-Buzzeo, Evaluating Research in Academic Journals, 2018
Fred Pyrczak, Maria Tcherni-Buzzeo
Thus, experiments in natural settings (or field experiments) often present problems with internal validity. Internal validity of an experiment refers to whether the experiment can help clearly determine a cause-and-effect relationship, to rule out confounding variables (or alternative explanations for the results). In case of MDVE, is it the arrest that was the true cause of subsequent reductions in reoffending or is it the discretion of a police officer about whom to arrest (even when the experiment called for no arrest) that made a difference in recidivism outcomes?
Toward Usability Evaluation for Brain–Computer Interfaces
Published in Chang S. Nam, Anton Nijholt, Fabien Lotte, Brain–Computer Interfaces Handbook, 2018
Ilsun Rhiu, Yushin Lee, Inchul Choi, Myung Hwan Yun, Chang S. Nam
Study results demonstrate that the stimulus modality most frequently used in previous studies was a visual stimulus (Table 29.4). Auditory stimuli and multimodal stimuli were used in four and three of the collected studies, respectively. The remaining studies did not use the stimuli for their BCI. The BCIs without stimuli used motor imagery, mental imagery, or attention level of subjects. Similarly, BCIs in most of the studies used visual feedback. Only two studies used auditory and multimodal feedback and one study did not use any feedback. Also, with respect to the location of the experiments, the most common collected studies were based on laboratory experiments. Only a few studies conducted field experiments in a subject’s home.
Employees’ Improvisational Behavior: Exploring the Role of Leader Grit and Humility
Published in Human Performance, 2022
Arménio Rego, Andreia Vitória, Miguel Pina e Cunha, Bradley P. Owens, Ana Ventura, Susana Leal, Camilo Valverde, Rui Lourenço-Gil
While providing overall support for the proposed causal direction of our model, our research is not without limitations. First, other causalities are possible. For example, employees may develop higher self-efficacy, hope, and optimism after making improvisations that are revealed to be successful. It is also possible that leaders adopt more perseverant efforts in pursuing challenging goals as a consequence of their higher employees’ PsyCap. Although the experiment was designed to enhance realism, which enhances confidence in hypothesized causality, it also suffers from modest external validity and other limitations (Lonati et al., 2018). Future studies should include covariates to rule out confounding and endogeneity effects, should adopt other experimental designs, and should be carried out in real organizational settings (Antonakis, Bendahan, Jacquart, & Lalive, 2014). A field experiment would represent a very important step forward in that endeavor, although abundant obstacles (methodological and practical) may make the endeavor unfeasible. Second, future studies may explore boundary conditions of the PsyCap-improvisation relationship. For example, is the relationship more positive when employees experience psychological safety?
Impact of safety training and interventions on training-transfer: targeting migrant construction workers
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2020
Rahat Hussain, Akeem Pedro, Do Yeop Lee, Hai Chien Pham, Chan Sik Park
The overall methodology adopted to accomplish this study is depicted in Figure 3. This research comprises five distinct phases. A thorough literature review focusing on the migrant worker's current position in the construction industry and the concepts of knowledge-transfer and training-transfer is presented to establish the point of departure for this research. Based on literature, design criteria for the field experiment were established by defining the different training levels and interventions. The work population of a construction jobsite was analysed to create target work groups. Then, the defined levels of training were implemented and evaluated on different migrant work crews in a Qatar-based multinational construction project. The next phase evaluated knowledge-transfer and training-transfer levels.
Does an economic incentive affect provider behavior? Evidence from a field experiment on different payment mechanisms
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2019
Xiaoyu Xi, Ennan Wang, Qianni Lu, Piaopiao Chen, Tian Wo, Kammy Tang
We used a field experiment study design to examine the behaviors of physicians. If a laboratory experiment were performed instead of a field experiment, the conclusions might not be valid due to hyper-abstraction and simplification26. However, the participants in a field study were not restricted to college students, instead, they were adults in society. Moreover, the experimental environment was not confined to a laboratory. A field experiment, as defined by Harrison and List27, was an experiment conducted in multiple locations, including laboratories and actual environments. Its participants included both students and non-college adults. Therefore, under the real social conditional, the experiment subjects could make realistic choices. Above all, because of the differences between the experimental environment and subjects, the field experiment could represent actual conditions in a real environment, and subjects might act instinctively as they do in daily life, increasing the external validity of results28.