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Patient autonomy and criminal law
Published in Paweł Daniluk, Patient Autonomy and Criminal Law, 2023
The therapeutic purpose requirement expresses the intention in Portuguese legislation to remove experimental procedures from the regime of medical-surgical procedures or treatments. But it is not always easy to define what is within the bounds of a medical-surgical procedure or treatment and what might be already said to be an experimental procedure.24 This is first of all because all medical treatment includes a coefficient of experimentation and, on the other hand, in addition to unequivocally therapeutic procedures and pure experiments, there is a whole set of intermediate situations that cannot be classified as exclusively belonging to one or other of the categories.25 We believe that the existence of a scientific purpose does not, in itself, rule out considering the procedure in question a medical-surgical one, as long as it is an objectively advisable treatment and the primacy of the therapeutic purpose is assured. In addition, applying the regime of medical-surgical procedures and treatments is consensual in cases of so-called therapeutic experimentation, which occurs when, in the absence of scientifically tested and validated treatment, the doctor uses, in the interest of the patient, therapeutic means whose consequences cannot possibly be safely anticipated.26
Criticism of allopathy
Published in Dinesh Kumar Jain, Homeopathy, 2022
Medical science is based on logical controlled accurate experimentation, with full knowledge of pathogenesis of disease, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of drugs. Hahnemann criticized allopathy in his work everywhere. This criticism is not related to modern medical science in any way.
Christian perspectives on informed consent
Published in Joseph Tham, Alberto García Gómez, Mirko Daniel Garasic, Cross-Cultural and Religious Critiques of Informed Consent, 2021
There are different reasons for underrepresentation and numerical inferiority of participation of women in clinical trials. Some reasons generally concern the way of considering experimentation and medicine. In experimentation, there is a tendency towards “generalization,” a tendency towards “neutrality” and assimilation of women to men. These orientations conflict with the need for individual specification and gender differentiation, above all today, in the time of the so-called precision medicine.9
Updating cut-off values of severity scoring systems for community-acquired pneumonia to orchestrate more predictive accuracy
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Qi Guo, Hai-yan Li, Wei-dong Song, Ming Li, Xiao-ke Chen, Hui Liu, Hong-lin Peng, Hai-qiong Yu, Nian Liu, Yan-hong Li, Zhong-dong Lü, Li-hua Liang, Qing-zhou Zhao, Mei Jiang
These studies were performed according to the principles of human experimentation guidelines of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. Our report was based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Patients suffering from CAP were cared for by respiratory physicians and intensivists in accordance with the IDSA/ATS guidelines [3] and the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines [18,19]. PSI class ≥ IV, IDSA/ATS minor criteria ≥3, or CURB-65 score ≥3 was warranted a transfer to respiratory intensive care unit. Antibiotic regimens for the empirical treatment were prescribed based on the guidelines, and then adjusted in the light of subsequently cultured pathogens. All patients clinically stable and afebrile were discharged home [3].
Early detection of Parkinson disease using stacking ensemble method
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Saroj Kumar Biswas, Arpita Nath Boruah, Rajib Saha, Ravi Shankar Raj, Manomita Chakraborty, Monali Bordoloi
The propose model EESDPD gives a better performance than Logistic regression, SVM, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, XGBoost, simple DT, B-TDS-PD and B-TESM-PD. In comparison to the single classifier-based model the ensemble-based model gives a better performance in all the respect. Thus the proposed EESDPD can be readily used for early diagnosis of PD. The dataset considered for the experimentation is universally accepted and easily available. But this dataset have certain drawbacks like certain features such as gender, duration of the disease and also analysis procedure, sample size, disease severity, the influence of medication, etc. are not present. Moreover the size of the dataset is comparatively small and thus it is another drawback .The absence of these features may have contributed to degradation of the proposed methodology and biasness. Although, the dataset considered for the experimentation is the most popularly used and is well established, and lots of researches have also been done on it but the lack of additional clinical data leads to the limitation of the model to some extent.
Risk perceptions and recovery threats for clients with a history of methadone maintenance therapy dropout
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2021
Geoffrey Maina, Layane Fernandes de Sousa, Solomon Mcharo, Sarah Kiburi
Most participants were introduced to substances by either a family member or a friend. Participants started using substances as early as 9 years of age, with alcohol and marijuana being the most common substances they first used, followed by morphine and cocaine (13.6% and 13.6% respectively). Substance initiation therefore happened when participants were not well acquainted with substances’ impacts on their bodies and lives and were thus unable to decipher when dependency set in. Diverse circumstances led participants to start using opiates. Their family environments were the most prevalent circumstances (45.4%), followed by friends’ or partners’ influences (27.3%). Experimentation was also cited as a reason. It took an average of 6.7 years for those whose first drug of use was non-opiates to start using opiates. Being exposed to opiates and non-opiates at an early age directly impacted participants’ educations, causing more than half (54.5%) to drop out of school in grade 10 or earlier due to awful withdrawal symptoms and associated sicknesses.