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Image Acquisition Protocols
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
To convert the measured counts to activity, it is necessary to know the sensitivity of the camera. System sensitivity in this scenario is subject to acquisition protocol, set-up, and source geometry. It is therefore common to acquire an image of a phantom representing the thyroid. The phantom contains a known amount of 99mTc, and the scan is acquired and processed using the clinical protocol. A worked example calculating the %IA within the thyroid is given below for the patient of Figure 15.13a and phantom of Figure 15.13b. Normal reference ranges for %IA are generally between 1–5 per cent.
Diagnostic Imaging Using X-rays
Published in Debbie Peet, Emma Chung, Practical Medical Physics, 2021
Debbie Peet, Richard Farley, Elizabeth Davies
For new installations and systems, the use of a local or other DRL value can be useful for evaluating whether commissioned clinical protocols or practices are appropriate. It is recommended that patient dose data is routinely collated and analysed once the system has been in clinical use for enough time to provide a representative sample. Thereafter, this equipment would be included in the DRL process review cycle.
Considerations for Clinical Trials Involving Microneedle Devices
Published in Boris Stoeber, Raja K Sivamani, Howard I. Maibach, Microneedling in Clinical Practice, 2020
Sponsors, who initiate and manage clinical trials, and Investigators, who conduct clinical trials, must abide by ethical standards to ensure the safety and welfare of the clinical study subjects. Ethical requirements include performing studies according to clinical protocols, getting approval from institutional review boards (IRBs), and obtaining informed consent from study subjects to ensure they are aware of the risks of the study and are participating voluntarily (39–42). For drug or biologics studies beyond Phase I or medical device studies beyond small feasibility studies, registration on a clinical trials registry, such as clinicaltrials.gov, is an ethical responsibility to ensure that there is full disclosure of clinical data (43). For clinical studies intended for regulatory submission, Investigators must provide financial disclosure of potential conflicts of interest (44).
Prevalence of visual hallucinations
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2020
Srinivas Marmamula, Rebecca Sumalini, Thirupathi K Reddy, Satya M Brahmanandam, Premnandhini Satgunam
Three teams were used for data collection. Each team had clinical and non‐clinical personnel. The clinical protocol was published in our earlier reports.2011 The clinical and non‐clinical teams visited the households in the selected clusters and conducted eye examinations and administered the questionnaires. The administration of the questionnaire was always conducted before the clinical examination. The non‐clinical assessment included collection of demographic and personal information. Washington Group Short Set of Questions on Disability162012 was administrated by the trained field investigators on all the study participants following the standard translation procedure. The short questionnaire consists of six items and one item is related to the cognitive functioning of the individual, ‘Do you have difficulty remembering people, events and things or concentrating on routine work?’. The responses of ‘No, no difficulty’ and ‘Yes, some difficulty’ were categorised as those who were able and those who responded as ‘Yes, a lot of difficulty’ and ‘Cannot do it at all’ were categorised as unable. The following question on experiencing visual hallucinations was added to the Washington disability questionnaire and each participant was asked the same, ‘Have you experienced seeing any imaginary images such as animals, trees, flowers, people etc?’. The response reported was recorded as ‘yes’ or ‘no’. This question was asked in the local language (Telugu).
Do Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification Examination Ba and D Guide the Selection of Operation for Severe Pelvic Organ Prolapse?
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2020
Chunbo Li, Huimin Shu, Zhiyuan Dai
This was a prospective cohort study. Patients who desired surgical treatment for anterior/apical compartment prolapse were enrolled between January 2012 to June 2015. Surgical indication was symptomatic stage 2 or more anterior/apical prolapse, with or without posterior compartment prolapse. Women who had undergone previous surgical correction of a prolapse including hysterectomy were excluded, in addition to women with cervical dysplasia, gynecologic tumors, undiagnosed irregular vaginal bleeding, endometriosis, or chronic pelvic pain and contraindications for surgical intervention because of their general physical condition. Because the aim of the present study was to measure firstly whether the relationship of preoperative Ba and D point could help guide the selection of surgical method by comparing the postoperative outcome in both groups, a sample of 250 women was judged suitable and all women meeting the study criteria were included consecutively. The clinical protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of our hospital, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. All methods in the present study were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines of our hospital.
Beneficial body mass index to enhance survival outcomes in patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma following microwave ablation treatment
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2020
Jian-Ping Dou, Zhi-Yu Han, Fangyi Liu, Zhigang Cheng, Xiaoling Yu, Jie Yu, Ping Liang
This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board of the Chinese PLA General Hospital. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to treatment, in accordance with clinical protocols. We reviewed the electronic medical records of 2195 patients who received MWA for HCC in our department from January 2008 to October 2017. Patients exhibiting the following indications were included in this study: (a) a solitary tumor ≤5 cm in diameter; (b) HCC confirmed at histologic or clinical examination; (c) Child–Pugh class A or B classification; (d) no evidence of extrahepatic metastasis, vein or bile duct tumor embolus at the time of diagnosis; (e) an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 1; (f) no previous anticancer treatment; and the exclusion criteria were as follows: (a) serious comorbidities, including severe heart or kidney dysfunction; (b) severe coagulation disorders (e.g. prothrombin time >30 s, prothrombin activity <40% or platelet count <30 × 109/L); (c) alcohol consumption or cigarette smoking after the HCC diagnosis; and (d) other malignancies in addition to HCC. The flowchart for the patient selection is presented in Figure 1.