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Quality Control of Ayurvedic Medicines
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
V. Remya, Maggie Jo Alex, Alex Thomas
Degrees Brix is the content of sugar in an aqueous solution of sugar. 1 g of sucrose dissolved in 100 g of water yields 1 Brix. Brix value is determined using a hydrometer or refractometer (Ribéreau-Gayon et al. 2006). Following the Brix determination, the acidity of the fermentation medium is to be checked and adjusted to the desired value, as described above. As fermentation is to begin, a baseline analysis for reducing sugar, titratable acidity, pH, acetic acid and volatile acidity is to be conducted. This will help to track the progress of fermentation (Thomas et al. 2016).
Radiomics analysis for gynecologic cancers
Published in Ruijiang Li, Lei Xing, Sandy Napel, Daniel L. Rubin, Radiomics and Radiogenomics, 2019
Majority of the works in gynecologic cancers have studied the feasibility of using subjectively assessed and semi-quantitative imaging parameters to predict outcomes, tumor grade, and to correlate such features with underlying genetic expression. Subjective radiologic assessments from computed tomography (CT) imaging have been shown to be associated with aggressive mesenchymal transcriptomic profile (Classification of Ovarian Cancer [CLOVAR]) of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) [10,11], and with BRCA mutation status in HGSOC [12] and survival [11,12]. Tumor volume combined with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) computed from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images have been shown to be correlated with outcomes in endometrial [13] cancers. Halle [14] identified a dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MR parameter A(Brix), where low A(Brix) was significantly associated with upregulation of genes related to hypoxia. Semi-quantitative DCE-MRI parameters have been shown to predict chemoradiotherapy [15], radiation response from pre-treatment imaging for cervical cancers [16,17]. ADC computed from diffusion-weighted (DW-MRI) quantifies the diffusion in the tissues. ADC has been shown to be associated with clinical prognostic factors [18] and predictive of outcomes to therapy in cervical [19,20] and ovarian cancers [21].
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published in William Y. Song, Kari Tanderup, Bradley R. Pieters, Emerging Technologies in Brachytherapy, 2017
Cynthia Ménard, Uulke A. van der Heide, Maroie Barkati, Eirik Malinen
For illustrating brachytherapy dose painting, a patient with locally advanced cervical cancer was selected. The DCE-MRI-derived “ABrix” parameter has been shown to reflect hypoxia in locally advanced cervical cancer (Halle et al., 2012). Thus, increasing the dose to tumor subregions with low “ABrix” values could lead to increased likelihood of local control. T2-weighted and DCE (“ABrix”) images of a selected patient were imported into the treatment planning system, defining the gross tumor volume and the OARs (T2) and the hypoxic target volume (DCE). For dose painting, the hypoxic target volume was boosted to the highest dose possible without violating dose constraints for the OARs. Also, the minimum dose to the rest of tumor was kept equal to that for a conventional dosage.
Plasma exchange as an adjunctive therapy in anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2023
Kavita Gulati, Charles D Pusey
Two main risk scores have been developed that utilize histopathological data in patients with AAV: the Berden classification and the Brix Renal Risk Score. The Berden classification proposes four categories of lesion: focal, crescentic, mixed, and sclerotic, and this was shown to be useful in prediction of renal outcomes [121]. The Brix Renal Risk Score is a clinicopathological classification incorporating the proportion of normal glomeruli, degree of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, and eGFR at time of biopsy, and assigns a weighted score [122]. The patients are then divided into three categories: low, medium, and high risk. It has been shown to accurately predict ESKD at 36 months (0%, 26%, and 68%, respectively, across the three groups). Brix et al. and Hilhorst et al. both emphasize that the percentage of normal glomeruli is the strongest individual predictors of end stage kidney disease risk [122,123].
Radiation induced mutagenesis, physio-biochemical profiling and field evaluation of mutants in sugarcane cv. CoM 0265
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
Madhavi V. Purankar, Ashok A. Nikam, Rachayya M. Devarumath, Suprasanna Penna
For biochemical analysis, the 4th leaf from the sugarcane top visible dewlap (TVD) was harvested at the formative phase (120 days) and the grand growth phase (240 days) and stored at −80 °C. Randomly three canes from each row were taken for analysis. Cane thickness was measured at 7–9th internodes using vernier calipers. The number of canes per plot, cane height, and cane weight were measured manually. At each field evaluation trial, cane juice was analyzed for different quality parameters following the method of Jadhav et al. (2000). For the measurement of Brix (%), sucrose (%), and juice purity, freshly harvested canes were subjected to crushing, and the fresh juice was analyzed for Brix (%) in an automatic refractometer (Rudolph Research, Hackettstown, NJ). About 100 mg lead hydroxide acetate powder was added into 50 ml of the fresh sugarcane juice, mixed at room temperature for five minutes, and the precipitate was allowed to settle for five minutes. The mixture was filtered through simple filter paper and the clear filtrate was analyzed for juice purity and sucrose (%) in Autopol 880 Automatic Saccharimeter (Rudolph Research, Hackettstown, NJ). Five hundred milligrams leaf sample was used for the analysis of TWC, Na+ and K+, proline content, and antioxidant enzyme assays.
Pharmacokinetic analysis of DCE-MRI data of locally advanced cervical carcinoma with the Brix model
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2019
Kjersti V. Lund, Trude G. Simonsen, Gunnar B. Kristensen, Einar K. Rofstad
Pharmacokinetic analysis of DCE-MRI data of human tumors is currently being carried out by using the Brix or the Tofts model [22–25]. There are advantages and disadvantages with both models. The Tofts model requires assessment of an arterial input function, and the measurement of high-quality individual arterial input functions is a demanding task. The main advantage of the Brix model is that an arterial input function is not needed for the curve fitting. However, the curve fitting with the Brix model requires three independent parameters, whereas only two independent parameters are needed when using the standard Tofts model. In most clinical studies, pharmacokinetic analysis of DCE-MRI data is based on signal intensities, and the analysis requires assessment of the signal intensity prior to and for several minutes after the contrast agent administration. It may be advantageous to base pharmacokinetic analysis on contrast agent concentrations rather than signal intensities, and this can be done by using the Tofts model, but requires measurement of contrast agent relaxivity and voxelwise assessment of precontrast T1-values (T10-map).