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Synthetic Seeds Vis-A-Vis Cryopreservation: An Efficient Technique for Long-Term Preservation of Endangered Medicinal Plants
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Md. Nasim Ali, Syandan Sinha Ray
The concept of “synthetic seed” or “artificial seed” was first proposed by Murashige in 1977 (Reddy et al., 2012). According to Murashige (1978), the artificial seed is defined as “an encapsulated single somatic embryo” (https://www.biotecharticles.com/Agriculture-Article/What-are-Synthetic-Seeds-Their-Need-Uses-and-Types-3315.html). At earlier stage, purpose of this technique was to use the somatic embryo as “seed material” for storage and transport of plant materials without any difficulty. This definition was again modified by Bapat et al. (1987) as the encapsulation of “in vitro-derived propagules” instead of somatic embryos. The addition of the term “in vitro-derived propagules” has become a major breakthrough for this technique as it removes the restriction on “type of explants to be used for the production of synthetic seed.” The most updated definition was given by Aitken-Christie et al. (1995) as “artificially encapsulated somatic embryos, shoots or other tissues which can be used for sowing under in vitro or ex vitro conditions.” In the modern era of tissue culture, in vitro derived shoot tips have gained an attractive option for synthetic seed production because of high mitotic activity in the apical meristem (Ballester et al., 1997). To date, the protocol for synthetic seed production is standardized for several medicinal plant species by scientists/researchers using different types of explants (in most cases, explants types are restricted to shoot tips, nodes, or somatic embryos; Table 14.1).
Sources of Essential Oils
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Chlodwig Franz, Johannes Novak
Synthetic varieties are based on several (more than two) well-combining parental lines or clones which are grown together in a polycross scheme with open pollination for seed production. The uniformity and performance is not as high as at F1 hybrids but the method is simpler and cheaper and the seed quality acceptable for crop production until the second or third generation. Synthetic cultivars are known for chamomile (Franz et al., 1985), arnica (Daniel and Bomme, 1991), marjoram (Franz and Novak, 1997), sage (Aiello et al., 2001), or caraway (Pank et al., 2007).
A Brief Survey of Early Indigenous Knowledge Which Influenced Modern Agronomic Practices
Published in David R. Katerere, Wendy Applequist, Oluwaseyi M. Aboyade, Chamunorwa Togo, Traditional and Indigenous Knowledge for the Modern Era, 2019
At present, commercial seed production involves rigorous steps (starting from the breeder seed, through the foundation, registered, and certified seed phases) that will facilitate the production of high-quality seed. The seed is often tested for germination and contamination by pathogens. These tests are often conducted under well-controlled laboratory conditions. The process of commercial seed production also requires grading of the seed in order to discard any damaged or shrunken seed, thus enhancing the crop quality and yield.
Multivariate Analysis of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) Genotypes With Potentially Healthy Nutraceuticals and Uses
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Based on this study, several butterfly pea genotypes had seed production ranging from 3,012 to 3,828 seeds, which would be sufficient to produce large quantities of butterfly pea flower tea for use in the health food markets. Three clusters for lower to higher seed production butterfly pea genotypes were also identified. Cumulative variation for flower and seed production traits ranged from 40% to 86% based on the principal components. Principal component correlations showed that there is potential for development of butterfly pea cultivars with specific flower colors and high seed yield to be used in the health tea market. The cluster analysis showed that higher seed-producing genotypes had greater genetic variation, which is very useful in new cultivar development for many health uses as identified in this study.
Clinical and biochemical differences between hantavirus infection and leptospirosis: a retrospective analysis of a patient series in Belgium
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2020
Emma Bakelants, Willy Peetermans, Katrien Lagrou, Wouter Meersseman
Hantaviruses belong to the family of Bunyaviridae. In Europe there are five different species; Puumala (PUUV), Dobrava (DOBV), Saaremaa (SAAV), Tula (TULV), and Seoul virus (SEOV). Each virus has a specific rodent as vector, for PUUV this is the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). In this article, we will focus on PUUV since the southern part of Belgium, a forested area, is an endemic region. The other species are not prevalent in Belgium [1–3]. PUUV is named after a little village in Finland, where it was first noticed. Nowadays Finland still has the largest disease burden in Europe, with 1000 cases per year [1]. Incidence in Belgium differs yearly, ranging from 10 to 100 cases per year with higher incidence within so called tree mast years of oak and beech [4,5]. In those years, trees tend to have more seed production which indicates more food and better breeding conditions for the bank vole. Tree seed production itself is influenced by climate changes, especially warm and dry conditions in summer and autumn. There is disease notification duty in Brussels and since 2017 also in Wallonia [4].
A maximum likelihood estimator for left-truncated lifetimes based on probabilistic prior information about time of occurrence
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2018
Rubén Manso, Rafael Calama, Marta Pardos, Mathieu Fortin
Focusing now on our case study, the implications of correctly setting the likelihood in the presence of left truncation are evident. The seemingly small differences in long-term survival between both approaches can however be crucial in this and other systems where seedling mortality is considerable. In their comprehensive study on P. pinea natural regeneration, Manso et al. [18] built a multistage model to predict seedling establishment. The model consisted of several submodels, each of them related to a key regeneration process: seed production, dispersal, germination, predation and seedling mortality. In that study, the mortality submodel was fitted to a reduced database through the non-truncated version of the likelihood presented in the current paper. The resulting multistage model was used to optimize felling intensity in order to guarantee natural regeneration success. In view of the overestimation in survival derived from the non-truncated approach, current optimized fellings are surely optimistic. Given the extremely low survival expectation for P. pinea seedlings, prediction errors like those presented here may encourage managers to favor silvicultural schemes that actually prevent acceptable regeneration standards from being reached.