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Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Family Translocation Renal Cell Cancer
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
The microphthalmia-associated transcription (MIT) family comprises four basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) zipper transcription factors (i.e., MITF, TFE3, TFEB, and TFEC) that regulate the expression from promoters containing a DNA response element that includes specific flanking nucleotides in addition to a core E-box element usually bound by bHLH zipper transcription factors.
Expressions of circadian clock genes represent disease activities of RA patients treated with biological DMARDs
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2020
Kenta Kaneshiro, Kohsuke Yoshida, Kanta Morii, Yuto Oketani, Koto Uchida, Arisa Yaekura, Ikumi Okumura, Teppei Hashimoto, Yoshiko Kawasaki, Nao Shibanuma, Yoshitada Sakai, Akira Hashiramoto
In mammalian species, the circadian rhythm is controlled by the network of clock genes; Period (Per), Cryptochrome (Cry), Brain and muscle arnt-like protein 1 (Bmal1), Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock), D site of the albumin promoter binding protein (Dbp), Hepatic leukemia factor (Hlf), Thyrotroph embryonic factor (Tef), E4-binding protein 4 (E4bp4), Retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan receptor a (RORa) and Rev-erba [3]. The transcription factor BMAL1 and CLOCK heterodimerize and bind to E-box element of the promoter regions of Per, Cry, Dbp, Hlf, Tef, E4bp4, Rora and Rev-erba, leading to their transcriptions. Then, PER and CRY heterodimerize and inhibit the activity of BMAL1/CLOCK heterodimer, successively, the transcriptions of Per and Cry are suppressed. DBP, HLF and TEF are collectively called as the proline and acidic amino acid-rich basic leucine zipper (PAR-bZIP) family and activate transcription of Per, while E4BP4 inhibits transcription of Per by binding to D-box element. RORα binds to REV-ERB/ROR response element (RRE) to activate the transcription of Bmal1, Clock and E4bp4, while REV-ERBα binds to RRE to inhibit the transcriptions of those [4].
Sex-dependent correlation between survival and expression of genes related to the circadian oscillator in patients with colorectal cancer
Published in Chronobiology International, 2018
Kristina Hasakova, Marian Vician, Richard Reis, Michal Zeman, Iveta Herichova
An association between cancer progress and circadian system disruption is supported by both experimental and epidemiological evidence (Filipski and Lévi 2009; Schernhammer et al. 2001). The circadian system coordinates rhythms in physiology and behavior and allows anticipation of 24 h cycles in the environment. In mammals, this system consists of hierarchically organized oscillators localized in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus (master oscillator) and all other tissues (peripheral oscillators). At the molecular level, the circadian rhythms are generated by a transcriptional–translational feedback loop that results in oscillation of clock gene expression. The key components of the molecular mechanism are transcriptional factors BMAL1 and CLOCK (or its functional homolog NPAS2) that, through binding to the regulatory region E-box, induce the transcription of period (per1-3) and cryptochrome (cry1-2) genes. The protein products of per and cry genes are allocated into the nucleus and repress their own transcription by inhibition of BMAL1-CLOCK heterodimer activity. It takes approximately 24 h to complete the negative feedback loop. The E-box element is also located in the promoter region of many clock-controlled genes (CCGs) so the complex BMAL1-CLOCK (NPAS2) can regulate transcription of other genes involved in cellular processes such as cell proliferation (Albrecht 2012).